Basic Thyroid Physiology

Reading for this module should include Chapter 1 in Thyroid Disease Manager, or alternative sources. These could include chapters in Endocrinology, Edition III, comparable chapters in Endocrinology Edition IV (when released), or appropriate chapters in “The Thyroid”.

Anticipated study and testing time for this module is 2 hours. After reading the material, print out his page, complete the test, fill in required personal information, and send the page with payment to

Center for Continuing Medical Education, 950 E 61^st St., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637., with payment of $30. After satisfactory completion of the examination, a certificate will be returned by mail.

1. THYROID HORMONES
	1. Appear at the same stage in evolution as the thyroid hormone receptors.
	2. And their receptors appear first in urochordates.
	3. And their receptors regulate the same variables in all species in which they are expressed.
	4. Always maintain a steady level of stimulation.
	5. Are the first forms of organified iodine appearing in evolution.

2. CELL BIOLOGY OF THE THYROID FOLLICULAR CELL
	1. Colloid droplets originate from the Golgi apparatus.
	2. Thyroglobulin is synthesized by the ribosomes of the ergastoplasm and processed through the Golgi.
	3. Follicles are directly in contact with the blood.
	4. The C cells originate from the ultimobronchial body.
	5. The volume of the colloid lumen depends on the relative rates of thyroglobulin synthesis and endocytosis.

3.TSH
	1. With iodide exerts the main control on thyroid.
	2. Activates only the cyclic AMP cascade in human thyroid.
	3. Desensitizes only slightly its receptor.
	4. Activates all aspects of thyroid cell function.
	5. Is a mitogen per se and does not require any other factor to stimulate proliferation.

4.NEUROTRANSMITTERS
	1. Have a major role in the physiological control of the thyroid.
	2. Are released by nerve terminals in the thyroid.
	3. Exert similar effects on the thyroid of many species.
	4. Control the thyroid blood flow.
	5. Act only on the cyclic AMP cascade.

Answer Sheet
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