1. Drechsel HFE. Beiträge zur Chemie einiger Seethiere. II. Über das Achsenskelett der Gorgonia cavolini. Z Biol 1896; 33:85.
2. Roche J. Biochimie comparée des scléroprotéines iodées des Anthozoaires et des Spongiaires. Experientia 1952; 8:45.
3. Berg O, Gorbman A, Kobayashi H. The thyroid hormones in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. In: Gorbman A, editor. Comparative Endocrinology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1959. p. 302.
4. Tong W, Chaikoff IL. 131I utilization by the aquarium snail and the cockroach. Biochim Biophys Acta 1961; 48:347.
5. Salvatore G. Thyroid hormone biosynthesis in Agnatha and Protochordata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1969; 2:535.
6. Tong W, Chaikoff IL. Metabolism of 131I by the marine alga, Nereocystis leutkana. J Biol Chem 1955; 215:473.
7. Leloup J. Iodoperoxydase branchiale et Absorption des iodures chez l'Anguille. Mecanisme thyroidien de controle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1967; 9:514.
8. Tong W, Chaikoff IL. Activation of iodine utilization in thyroid-gland homogenates by cytochrome C and quinones. Biochim Biophys Acta 1960; 37:189.
9. Roche J, Salvatore G, Rametta G. Sur la présence et la biosynthèse d'hormones thyroidiennes chez un Tunicier, Ciona intestinalis L. Biochim Biophys Acta 1962; 63:154.
10. Cameron AT. Contributions to the biochemistry of iodine I. The distribution of iodine in plant and animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1914; 18:335.
11. Barrington EJW. Some endocrinological aspects of the protochordata. In: Gorbman A, editor. Comparative Endocrinology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1959. p. 250.
12. Gorbman A. Some aspects of the comparative biochemistry of iodine utilization and the evolution of thyroidal function. Physiol Rev 1955; 35:336.
13. Barrington EJW. The distribution and significance of organically bound iodine in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis L. J Marine Biol Assoc UK 1957; 36:1.
14. Covelli I, Salvatore G, Sena L, Roche J. Sur la formation d'hormones thyroidiennes et de leurs precurseurs par Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas (Amphioxus). Compt Rend Soc Biol 1960; 154:1165.
15. Tong W, Kerkof P, Chaikoff IL. Identification of labeled thyroxine and triiodothyronine in Amphioxus treated with 131I. Biochim Biophys Acta 1962; 56:326.
16. Dunn AD. Studies on iodoproteins and thyroid hormones in ascidians. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 40:473.
17. Fujita H, Sawano F. Fine structural localization of endogeneous peroxidase in the endostyle of ascidians. Ciona intestinalis. A part of phylogenetic studies of the thyroid gland. Arch Histol Jpn 1979; 42:319.
18. Suzuki S, Kondo Y. Demonstration of thyroglobulinlike iodinated proteins in the branchial sac of tunicates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1971; 17:402.
19. Spangenberg DB. Thyroxine in early strombilation in Aurelia aurita. American Zool 1974; 14:825.
20. De Felice M, Di Lauro R. Thyroid development and its disorders: genetics and molecular mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2004; 25:722-46.
21. Suzuki S, Kondo Y. Thyroidal morphogenesis and biosynthesis of thyroglobulin before and after metamorphosis in the lamprey, Lampetra reissneri. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1973; 21:451.
22. Salvatore G, Covelli I, Sena L, Roche J. Fonction thyroïdienne et métabolisme de l'iode chez la larve d'un Cyclostome (Petromyzon planieri Bl). Compt Rend Soc Biol 1959; 153:1686.
23. Gorbman A. Problems in the comparative morphology and physiology of the vertebrate thyroid gland. In: Gorbman A, editor. Comparative Endocrinology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1959. p. 266.
24. Salvatore G, Macchia V, Vecchio G, Roche J. Sur le transport de la thyroxine par les protéines du sérum de l'Ammocoette de Petromyzon planeri Bl. Compt Rend Soc Biol 1959; 153:1693.
25. Wright G, Yonsum JH. Serum thyroxine concentrations in larval and metamorphosing anadromous sea lampreys, Petromyzon morinus. J Exp Zool 1977; 2002:27.
26. Monaco F, Andreoli M, La Posta A, Cataudella S, Roch J. Biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in the endostyle of larva (ammocoetes) of a fresh water lamprey, Lampetra planeri B1. C R Soc Biol (Paris) 1977; 171:308.
27. Dunn TB. Ciliated cells of the thyroid of the mouse. JNCI 1944; 4:555.
28. Brown-Grant K. Extrathyroidal iodide concentrating mechanisms. Physiol Rev 1961; 41:189.
29. Baker-Cohen KF. Renal and other heterotopic thyroid tissue in fishes. In: Gorbman A, editor. Comparative Endocrinology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1959. p. 283.
30. Plisetskaya EM, Woo-Nys, Murat JC. Thyroid hormones in cyclostomes and fish and their role in regulation of intermediary metabolism Comp. Biochem Physiol 1983; 74:179.
31. Dickhoff WW, Darling DS. Evolution of thyroid function and its control in lower vertebrates. Amer Zool 1983; 23:697.
32. Matty AJ. Thyroidectomy and its effect upon oxygen consumption of a teleost fish. Pseudoscarus guacamia. J Endocrinol 1957; 15:1.
33. Leloup J, Fontaine M. Iodine metabolism in lower vertebrates. Ann NY Acad Sci 1960; 86:316.
34. Dickhoff WW, Folmar LC, Gorbman A. Changes in plasma thyroxine during smoltification of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Gen Comp Endocriol 1978; 36:229.
35. Nishikawa K, Hirashima T, Suzuki S, Suzuki M. Changes in circulating L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine of the masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou accompanying the smoltification, measured by radioimmunoassay. Endocrinol Jpn 1979; 26:731.
36. Eagleson GW, McKeown BA. Changes in thyroid activity of Ambystoma gracile (Baird) during different larval, transforming, and postmetamorphic phases. Can J Zool 1978; 56:1377-81.
37. Gudernatsch JF. Feeding experiments on tadpoles. I. The influence of specific organs given as food on growth and differentiation. A contribution to the knowledge of organs with internal secretion. Arch Enwicklungsmech Organ 1912; 35:457.
38. Kollros JJ. Thyroid gland function in developing cold-blooded vertebrates. In: Gorbman A, editor. Comparative Endocrinology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1959. p. 340.
39. Norman MF, Carr JA, Norris DO. Adenohypophysial-thyroid activity of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma trigrinum, as a function of metamorphosis and captivity. J Exp Zool 1987; 242:55.
40. Maker MJ. Metabolic responses of isolated tissues to thyroxine administered in vivo. Endocrinology 1964; 74:994.
41. Turner JE, Tipton SR. Environmental temperature and thyroid function in the green water snake. Natrix cyclopion. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1972; 18:195.
42. Regard E, Taurog A, Nakashima T. Plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in spontaneously metamorphosing Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and in adult anuran amphibia. Endocrinology 1978; 102:674.
43. Jacobs GF, Michielsen RP, Kuhn ER. TI:Thyroxine and triiodothyronine in plasma and thyroids of the neotenic and metamorphosed axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, influence of TRH injections. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1988; 70:145.
44. Etkin W. Hypothalamic sensitivity of thyroid feedback in the tadpole. Neuroendocrinology 1965; 1:293.
45. Platt JE, Brown GB, Erwin SA, McKinley KT. Antagonistic effects of prolactin and oxytocin on tail fin regression and acid phosphatase activity in metamorphosing Ambystoma tigrinum. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986; 61:376.
46. Tata JR, Kawahara A, Baker BS. Prolactin inhibitis both thyroid hormone-induced morphogenesis and celldeath in cultured amphibian larval tissues. Dev Biol 1991; 146:72.
47. Norris DO, Gem WA. Thyroxine induced activation of hypothalamic-hypophysial axis in neotenic salamander larvae. Science 1976; 194:525.
48. Galton VA. The role of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the physiological action of thyroxine in the premetamorphic tadpole. Endocrinology 1989; 124:2427.
49. Galton VA. The role of thyroid hormone in amphibian metamorphosis. TEM 1992; 3:96.
50. Yoshizato K, Frieden E. Increase in binding capacity for triiodothyronine in tadpole tail nuclei during metamorphosis. Nature 1975; 254:705.
51. Yoshizato K, Kistler A, Frieden E. Binding of thyroid hormones by nuclei of cells from bullfrog tadpole tail fins. Endocrinology 1975; 97:1030.
52. Kistler A, Yoshizato K, Frieden E. Binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by nuclei of isolated tadpole liver cells. Endocrinology 1975; 97:1036.
53. Galton VA. Thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine bind to the same putative receptor in hepatic nuclei of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Endocrinology 1986; 118:114.
54. Galton VA. Binding of thyroid hormones in vivo by hepatic nuclei of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles at different stages of metamorphosis. Endocrinology 1980; 107:1910.
55. Darling DS, Dickhoff WW, Gorbman A. Comparison of thyroid hormone binding to hepatic nuclei of a rat and a teleost (Oncorhynch Kisutch). Endocrinology 1982; 111:1936.
56. Eales JG. The influence of nutritional state on thyroid function in various vertebrates. Amer Zool 1988; 28:351-62.
57. Baker BS, Tata JR. Association with early acquisition of response of thyroid hormone and estrogen. EMBO J 1990; 9:879.
58. Yaoita Y, Shi YB, Brown DD. TI. Xenopus levis ? and ß thyroid hormone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87:7090.
59. Schneider MJ, Davey JC, Galton VA. Rana catesbeiana tadpole red blood cells express an ?, but nog a ß, c-erbA gene. Endocrinology 1993; 133:2488.
60. Tata JR. Gene expression during metamorphosis: an ideal model for post-embryonic development. BioEssays 1993; 15:239.
61. Kanamori A, Brown DD. The regulation of thyroid hormone receptor ß genes by thyroid hormone in Xenopus levis. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:739.
62. Machuca I, Tata JR. Autoinduction of thyroid hormone receptor during metamorphosis is reproduced in Xenopus XTC-2 cells. Mol Cel. Endocrinol 1992; 87:105.
63. Shi YB. Molecular biology of amphibian metamorphosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994; 5:4.
64. Etkin W. Metamorphosis-activating system of the frog. Science 1963; 139:810.
65. Dent JN. Maintenance of thyroid function in newts with transplanted pituitary glands. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1966; 6:401.
66. Voitkevich AA. Neurosecretory control of the amphibian metamorphosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1962; 1:133.
67. Jackson IMD. Eveolutionary significance of the phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian hypothalamic releasing hormones. Fed Proc 1981; 40:2545.
68. Sawin CT, Bacharach P, Lance V. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin in the control of thyroid function in the turtle, Chrysemys picta. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 45:7.
69. Peter RE. Feedback effects of thyroxine in goldfish Carassius auratus with an autotransplanted pituitary. Neuroendocrinology 1972; 17:273.
70. Soyama F. Development and differentiation of lateral thyroid. Endocrinol Jpn 1973; 20:565.
71. Fujita H, Machino M. On the follicle formation of the thyroid gland in the chick embryo. Exp Cell Res 1961; 25:204.
72. Rousset B, Poncet C, Dumont JE, Mornex R. Intracellular and extracellular sites of iodination in dispersed dog thyroid cells. Biochem J 1980; 192:801.
73. LeDouarin N, LeLièvre C. Démonstration de l'origine neurale des cellules à calcitonine du corps ultimobranchial chez l'embryon de poulet. CR Acad Sci 1970; D270:2857.
74. Wolfe HJ, Voelkel EF, Tashjian JA. Distribution of calcitonin-containing cells in the normal adult human thyroid gland: a correlation of morphology with peptide content. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38:688.
75. Dow CJDJEKP. Etudes du pourcentage de cellules epitheliales, fibroblastes et cellules endothéliales dans les thyroïdes de chien. C R Soc Biol (Paris) 1986; 19:449-53.
76. Nadler NJ, Sarkar SK, Leblond CP. Origin of intracellular colloid droplets in the rat thyroid. Endocrinology 1962; 71:120.
77. Dumont JE, Rocmans P. In vivo effects of thyrotropin on the metabolism of the thyroid gland. J Physiol 1964; 174:26-45.
78. Wissig SL. The anatomy of secretion in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. I. The fine structure of the gland in the normal rat. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1960; 7:419.
79. Dempsey EW, Peterson RR. Electron microscopic observations on the thyroid glands of normal, hypophysectomized cold-exposed and thiouracil-treated rats. Endocrinology 1955; 56:46.
80. Ekholm R. Thyroid gland. In: Kurtz Stanley M, editor. Electron Microscopic Anatomy. New York: Academic Press; 1964. p. 221-37.
81. Herman L. An electron microscope study of the salamander thyroid during hormonal stimulation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1960; 7:143.
82. Otten J, Dumont JE. Glucose metabolism in normal human thyroid tissue in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest 1972; 2:213.
83. Dumont JE, Willems C, Van Sande J, Nève P. Regulation of the release of thyroid hormones: Role of cyclic AMP. Ann NY Acad Sci 1971; 185:291.
84. Lamy FM, Rodesch FR, Dumont JE. Action of thyrotropin on thyroid energetic metabolism. Exp Cell Res 1967; 46:518.
85. Dumont JE, Tondeur-Montenez T. Action de l'hormone thyreotrope sur le métabolisme énergetique du tissue thyroidien. III Evalution au moyen du 14C glucose des voies du métabolisme du glucose, dans le tissue thyrodien de chien. Biochim Biophys Acta 1965; 3:258.
86. Dumont, J. E. Carbohydrate metabolism in the thyroid gland. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. 20, 1246-1258. 1960.
Ref Type: Journal (Full)
87. Rheinwein D, Engelhardt A. Enzymmuster der menschlichen Schilddrüse II. Euthyreote und hyperthyreote Strumen. Klin Wochenschr 1964; 42:736.
88. Rheinwein D, Engelhardt A. Enzymmuster der Menschlichen Schilddrüse I. Normale Schilddrüse. Klin Wochenschr 1964; 42:731.
89. Dumont JE. The action of thyrotropin on thyroid metabolism. Vitam Horm 1971; 29:287-412.
90. Carafoli EN, Lehninger AL. A survey of the interaction of calcium ions with mitochondria from different tissues and species. Biochem J 1971; 122:681.
91. Freinkel N. Action of pituitary thyrotropin on the inorganic phosphorus of thyroid tissue in vitro. Nature 1963; 198:889.
92. Mockel J, Dumont JE. Protein synthesis in isolated thyroid mitochondria. Endocrinology 1972; 91:817.
93. Ochi Y, DeGroot LJ. Stimulation of RNA and phospholipid synthesis by long-acting thyroid stimulator and by thyroid stimulating hormone. Biochim Biophys Acta 1968; 170:198.
94. Kleiman D, Pisarev MA, Spaulding SW. Early effect of thyrotropin on ribonucleic acid transcription in the thyroid. Endocrinology 1979; 104:693.
95. Lamy F, Willems C, Lecocq R, Delcroix C, Dumont JE. Stimulation by thyrotropin in vitro of uridine incorporation into the RNA of thyroid slices. Horm Metab Res 1971; 3:414.
96. Lindsay RH, Cash AG, Hill JB. TSH stimulation of orotic acid conversion to pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA in bovine thyroid. Endocrinology 1969; 84:534.
97. Cartouzou G, Attali JC, Lissitzky S. Acides ribonucleiques messagers de la glande thyroide. 1. RNA a marquage rapide des noyaux et des polysomes. Eur J Biochem 1968; 4:41.
98. Sheinman SJ, Burrow GN. In vitro stimulation of thyroid ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamines by thyrotropin. Endocrinology 1977; 101:1088.
99. Tong W. TSH stimulation of 14C-amino acid incorporation into protein by isolated bovine thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1967; 80:1101.
100. Wagar G. Action of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate on 1-14C-leucine incorporation in a system of rough microsomes from bovine thyroind gland. Acta Endocrinol 1976; 81:96.
101. Lecocq RE, Dumont JE. Stimulation by thyrotropin of amino acid incorporation into proteins in dog thyroid slices in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1972; 281:434.
102. Creek RO. Effect of thyrotropin on the weight, protein, ribonucleic acid, and the radioactive phosphorus of chick thyroids. Endocrinology 1965; 76:1124.
103. Keyhani E, Claude A, Lecocq RE, Dumont JE. An electron microscopic study of ribosomes and polysomes isolated from sheep thyroid gland. J Microsc 1971; 10:269.
104. Kondo Y, DeNayer P, Salabe G, Robbins J, Rall JE. Function of isolated bovine thyroid polyribosomes. Endocrinology 1968; 83:1123.
105. Lecocq RE, Dumont JE. In vivo and in vitro effects of thyrotropin on ribosomal pattern of dog thyroid. Biochim Biophys Acta 1973; 299:304.
106. Freinkel N. Aspects of the endocrine regulation of lipid metabolism. In: Dawson MC, Rhodes DN, editors. Metabolism and physiological significance of lipids. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1965. p. 455.
107. Shah SN, Lossow WJ, Trujillo JL, Chaikoff IC. Metabolic characteristics of preparations of isolated sheep thyroid gland cells. II-Fatty acid oxidation. Endocrinology 1965; 77:103.
108. Freinkel N. Further observations concerning the action of pituitary thyrotropin on the intermediary metabolism of sheep thyroid tissue in vitro. Endocrinology 1960; 66:851.
109. Kasabian SS, Pisarev VB. Histochemical characteristics of lipids in different forms of goitre. Arch Pathol 1976; 38:27.
110. Svennerholm L. Gangliosides of human thyroid gland. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985; 835:231.
111. Levis GM, Carli JN, Malamos B. The phospholipids of the thyroid gland. Clin Chim Acta 1972; 41:335.
112. Schneider PS. Thyroidal synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Endocrinology 1968; 82:969.
113. Scott TW, Good BF, Ferguson KA. Comparative effects of LATS and pituitary thyrotropin on the intermediate metabolism of thyroid tissue in vitro. Endocrinology 1966; 79:949.
114. Nakabayashi K, Kudo M, Kobilka B, Hsueh AWJ. Activation of the luteinizing hormone receptor following substitution of Ser-277 with selective hydrophobic residues in the ectodomain hinge region. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275:30264-71.
115. Dumont JE, Lamy F, Roger PP, Maenhaut C. Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. Physiological Rev 1992; 72:667-97.
116. Vassart G, Dumont JE. The thyrotropin receptor and the regulation of thyrocyte function and growth. Endocrine Rev 1992; 13:596-611.
117. Brabant G, Bergmann P, Kirsch CM, Köhrie J, Hesch RD, von zur Mühlen A. Early adaptation of thyrotropin and thyroglobulin secretion to experimentally decreased iodine supply in man. Metabolism 1992; 41:1093-6.
118. Marians RC, Ng L, Blair HC, Unger P, Graves PN, Davies TF. Defining thyrotropin-dependent and -independent steps of thyroid hormone synthesis by using thyrotropin receptor-null mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002; 99:15776-81.
119. Postiglione MP, Parlato R, Rodriguez-Mallon A, Rosica A, Mithbaokar P, Maresca M et al. Role of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor signaling in development and differentiation of the thyroid gland. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002; 99:15462-7.
120. Abramowicz MJ, Duprez L, Parma J, Vassart G, Heinrichs C. Familial congenital hypothyroidism due to inactivating mutation of the thyrotropin receptor causing profound hypoplasia of the thyroid gland. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997; 99:3018-24.
121. Toyoda N, Nishikawa M, Horimoto M. Synergistic effect of thyroid hormone and thyrotropin on iodothyronine 5'-adenosinase in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1990; 127:1199-205.
122. Paire A, Bernier-Valentin F, Rabilloud R, Watrin C, Selmi-Ruby S, Rousset B. Expression of alpha- and beta-subunits and activity of Na+ K+ ATPase in pig thyroid cells in primary culture: modulation by thyrotropin and thyroid hormones. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1998; 146:93-101.
123. Ying H, Suzuki H, Zhao L, Willingham MC, Meltzer P, Cheng SY. Mutant thyroid hormone receptor beta represses the expression and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma during thyroid carcinogenesis. Cancer Research 2003; 63:5274-80.
124. Glinoer D, de Nayer P, Bourdoux P, Lemone M, Robyn C, van Steirteghem A et al. Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990; 71:276-87.
125. Hershman JM, Lee HY, Sugawara M, Mirell CJ, Pang XP, Yanagisawa M et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates iodide uptake, adenylate cyclase, and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured rat thyroid cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67:74-9.
126. Glinoer D. The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: Pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology. Endocrine Rev 1997; 18:404-33.
127. Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, Pirson I, Baptist M, Roger PP. Growth factors controlling the thyroid gland. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 5:727-54.
128. Gerard CM, Roger PP, Dumont JE. Thyroglobulin gene expression as a differentiation marker in primary cultures of calf thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1989; 61:23-35.
129. Cheung NW, Lou JC, Boyages SC. Growth hormone does not increase thyroid size in the absence of thyrotropin: a study in adults with hypopituitarism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996; 81:1179-83.
130. Dormitzer PR, Ellison PT, Bode HH. Anomalously low endemic goiter prevalence among Efe pygmies. American Journal of Physiology-Anthropology 1989; 78:527-31.
131. Clement S, Refetoff S, Robaye B, Dumont JE, Schurmans S. Low TSH requirement and goiter in transgenic mice overexpressing IGF-I and IGF-I receptor in the thyroid gland. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5131-9.
132. Govaerts C, Lefort A, Costagliola S, Wodak SJ, Ballesteros JA, Van Sande J et al. A conserved Asn in transmembrane helix 7 is an on/off switch in the activation of the thyrotropin receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001; 276:22991-9.
133. Burikhanov R, Coulonval K, Pirson I, Lamy F, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Thyrotropin via cyclic AMP induces insulin receptor expression and insulin co-stimulation of growth and amplifies insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways in dog thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271:29400-6.
134. Van Keymeulen A, Dumont JE, Roger PP. TSH induces insulin receptors that mediate insulin costimulation of growth in normal human thyroid cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000; 279:202-7.
135. Ahrén B. Regulatory peptides in the thyroid gland - a review on their localization and function. Acta Endocrinologica 1991; 124:225-32.
136. Raspé E, Laurent E, Andry G, Dumont JE. ATP, bradykinine, TRH and TSH activate the Ca2+-phophatidyl inositol cascade of human thyrocytes in primary culture. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1991; 81:175-83.
137. Raspé E, Andry G, Dumont JE. Adenosine triphosphate, bradykinin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulate the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the 45Ca2+ efflux of human thyrocytes in primary culture. J Cell Physiol 1989; 140:608-14.
138. Osawa S, Spaulding SW. Epidermal growth factor inhibits radioiodine uptake but stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in new born rat thyroids, grown in nude mice. Endocrinology 1990; 127:604.
139. Paschke R, Eck T, Herfurth J, Usadel KH. Stimulation of proliferation and inhibition of function of xenotransplanted human thyroid tissue by epidermal growth factor. Journal of Endocrinology and Investigation 1995; 18:359-63.
140. De Vito WJ, Chanoine JP, Alex S, Fang SL, Stone S, Huber CA et al. Effect of in vivo administration of recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor on thyroid function in the rat: induction of colloid goiter. Endocrinology 1992; 131:729-35.
141. Roger PP, Dumont JE. Factors controlling proliferation and differentiation of canine thyroid cells cultured in reduced serum conditions: effects of thyrotropin, cyclic AMP and growth factors. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1984; 36:79-93.
142. Westermark K, Karlsson FA, Westermark B. Epidermal growth factor modulates thyroid growth and function in culture. Endocrinology 1983; 112:1680-6.
143. Eggo MC, Bachrach LK, Fayet G, Errick J, Kudlow JE, Cohen MF et al. The effects of growth factors and serum on DNA synthesis and differentiation in thyroid cells in culture. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1984; 38:141-50.
144. Lamy F, Taton M, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Control of protein synthesis by thyrotropin and epidermal growth factor in human thyrocytes: role of morphological changes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990; 73:195.
145. Kraiem Z, Sadeh O, Yosef M, Aharon A. Mutual antagonistic interactions between the thyrotropin (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) and protein kinase C/epidermal growth factor (tyrosine kinase) pathways in cell proliferation and differentiation of cultured human thyroid follicles. Endocrinology 1995; 136:585-90.
146. Becks GP, Logan A, Phillips ID, Wang JF, Smith C, DeSousa D et al. Increase of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor messenger RNA during rat thyroid hyperplasia: temporal changes and cellular distribution. Journal of Endocrinology 1994; 142:325-38.
147. Bidey SP, Hill DJ, Eggo MC. Growth factors and goitrogenesis. J Endocrinol 1999; 160:321-32.
148. Derwahl M, Broecker M, Kraiem Z. Clinical review 101: Thyrotropin may not be the dominant growth factor in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999; 84:829-34.
149. Roger PP, Dumont JE. Thyrotropin-dependent insulin-like growth factor I mRNA expression in thyroid cells. European Journal of Endocrinology 1995; 132:601-2.
150. Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Buchan G, Sadeghi R, Kissonerghis M, Londei M, Turner M et al. Transforming growth factor beta regulates thyroid growth. J Clin Invest 1989; 83:764-70.
151. Taton M, Lamy F, Roger PP, Dumont JE. General inhibition by transforming growth factor beta1 of thyrotropin and cAMP responses in human thyroid cells in primary culture. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1993; 95:13-21.
152. Logan A, Smith C, Becks GP, Gonzalez AM, Phillips ID, Hill DJ. Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 during thyroid hyperplasia in rats. Journal of Endocrinology 1994; 141:45-57.
153. Franzen A, Piek E, Westermark B, ten Dijke P, Heldin NE. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, activin A, and their receptors in thyroid follicle cells: negative regulation of thyrocyte growth and function. Endocrinology 1999; 140:4300-10.
154. Helmbrecht K, Kispert A, von Wasielewski R, Brabant G. Identification of a Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in human thyroid cells. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5261-6.
155. Suzuki K, Mori A, Lavaroni S, Ulianich L, Miyagi E, Saito J et al. Thyroglobulin regulates follicular function and heterogeneity by suppressing thyroid-specific gene expression. Biochimie 1999; 81:329-40.
156. Lyons J, Landis CA, Harsh G, Vallar L, Grunewald K, Feichtinger H et al. Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors. Science 1990; 249:655-9.
157. Parma J, Van Sande J, Swillens S, Tonacchera M, Dumont JE, Vassart G. Somatic mutations causing constitutive activity of the thyrotropin receptor are the major cause of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas: identification of additional mutations activating both the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and inositol phosphate-Ca2+ cascades. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9:725-33.
158. Vasseur C, Rodien P, Beau I, Desroches A, Gerard C, de Poncheville L et al. A chorionic gonadotropin-sensitive mutation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a cause of familial gestational spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 349:753-9.
159. Smits G, Olatunbosun O, Delbaere A, Pierson R, Vassart G, Costagliola S. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to a mutation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 349:760-6.
160. Drexhage H, Mooij P, Wilders-Truschnig MM. Thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins in sporadic and endemic colloid goitre. Thyroidology 1990; 2:99-105.
161. Dumont JE, Roger PP, Ludgate M. Assays for thyroid growth immunoglobulins and their clinical implications: methods, concepts and misconceptions. Endocrine Rev 1987; 8:448-52.
162. Zakarija M, Jin S, McKenzie JM. Evidence supporting the identity in Graves's disease of thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulin G as assayed in FRTL5 cells. J Clin Invest 1988; 81:879-84.
163. Zakarija M, McKenzie JM. Do thyroid growth-promoting immunoglobulins exist ? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990; 70:308-10.
164. Contempré B, Le Moine O, Dumont JE, Denef JF, Many MC. Selenium deficiency and thyroid fibrosis. A key role for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1996; 124:7-15.
165. Contempre B, de Escobar GM, Denef JF, Dumont JE, Many MC. Thiocyanate induces cell necrosis and fibrosis in selenium- and iodine-deficient rat thyroids: A potential experimental model for myxedematous endemic cretinism in central Africa. Endocrinology 2004; 145:994-1002.
166. Thompson SD, Franklyn JA, Watkinson JC, Verhaeg JM, Sheppard MC, Eggo MC. Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 are elevated in thyroid hyperplasia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998; 83:1336-41.
167. Fusco A, Santoro M, Grieco M, Carlomagno F, Dathan N, Fabien N et al. RET/PTC activation in human thyroid carcinomas. Journal of Endocrinology and Investigation 1995; 18:127-9.
168. Pierotti MA, Bongarzone I, Borrello MG, Mariani C, Miranda C, Sozzi G et al. Rearrangements of TRK proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Journal of Endocrinology and Investigation 1995; 18:130-3.
169. Trovato M, Villari D, Bartolone L, Spinella S, Simone A, Violi MA et al. Expression of the hepatocyte growth factor and c-met in normal thyroid, non-neoplastic, and neoplastic nodules. Thyroid 1998; 8:125-31.
170. Aasland R, Akslen LA, Varhaug JE, Lillehaug JR. Co-expression of the genes encoding transforming growth factor-alpha and its receptor in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. International Journal Cancer 1990; 46:382-7.
171. Vella V, Pandini G, Sciacca L, Mineo R, Vigneri R, Pezzino V et al. A novel autocrine loop involving IGF-II and the insulin receptor isoform-A stimulates growth of thyroid cancer. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002; 87:245-54.
172. Blaydes JP, Schlumberger M, Wynford-Thomas D, Wyllie FS. Interaction between p53 and TGF beta 1 in control of epithelial cell proliferation. Oncogene 1995; 10:307-17.
173. Van Sande J, Mockel J, Boeynaems JM, Dor P, Andry G, Dumont JE. Regulation of cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin formation in human thyroid tissues and in autonomous nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50:776-85.
174. de Rooij J, Zwartkruis FJT, Verheijen MHG, Cool RH, Nijman SM, Wittinghofer A et al. Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP. Nature 1998; 396:474-7.
175. Rangarajan S, Enserink JM, Kuiperij HB, de Rooij J, Price LS, Schwede F et al. Cyclic AMP induces integrin-mediated cell adhesion through Epac and Rap1 upon stimulation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. Journal of Cell Biology 2003; 160:487-93.
176. Dremier S, Vandeput F, Zwartkruis FJ, Bos JL, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Activation of the small G protein Rap1 in dog thyroid cells by both cAMP-dependent and -independent pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 267:7-11.
177. Raymond JR, Hnatowich M, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG. Adrenergic receptors. Models for regulation of signal transduction processes. Hypertension 1990; 15:119-31.
178. Esteves R, Van Sande J, Dumont JE. Nitric oxide as a signal in thyroid. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1992; 90:R1-R3.
179. Munari-Silem Y, Audebet C, Rousset B. Protein kinase C in pig thyroid cells: activation , translocation and endogenous substrate phosphorylating activity in response to phorbol esters. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1987; 54:81-90.
180. Van Sande J, Raspe E, Perret J, Lejeune C, Maenhaut C, Vassart G et al. Thyrotropin activates both the cyclic AMP and the PIP2 cascades in CHO cells expressing the human cDNA of TSH receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990; 74:R1-R6.
181. Laurent E, Mockel J, Van Sande J, Graff I, Dumont JE. Dual activation by thyrotropin of the phospholipase C and cAMP cascades in human thyroid. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1987; 52:273.
182. Mockel J, Laurent E, Lejeune C, Dumont JE. Thyrotropin does not activate the phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate hydrolyzing phospholipase C in the dog thyroid. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1991; 82:221-7.
183. Mockel J, Lejeune C, Dumont JE. Relative contribution of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis to the actions of carbamylcholine, thyrotropin, and phorbol esters on dog thyroid slices: regulation of cytidine monophosphate-phosphatidic acid accumulation and phospholipase-D activity. II. Actions of phorbol esters. Endocrinology 1994; 135:2497-503.
184. Lejeune C, Mockel J, Dumont JE. Relative contribution of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis to the actions of carbamylcholine, thyrotropin (TSH), and phorbol esters on dog thyroid slices: regulation of cytidine monophosphate-phosphatidic acid accumulation and phospholipase-D activity. I. Actions of carbamylcholine, calcium ionophores, and TSH. Endocrinology 1994; 135:2488-96.
185. Coulonval K, Vandeput F, Stein RC, Kozma SC, Lamy F, Dumont JE. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B and ribosomal S6 kinases in the stimulation of thyroid epithelial cell proliferation by cAMP and growth factors in the presence of insulin. Biochemical Journal 2000; 348:351-8.
186. Vandeput F, Perpete S, Coulonval K, Lamy F, Dumont JE. Role of the different mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamilies in the stimulation of dog and human thyroid epithelial cell proliferation by cyclic adenosine 5 '-monophosphate and growth factors. Endocrinology 2003; 144:1341-9.
187. Williams DW, Williams ED, Wynford-Thomas D. Evidence for autocrine production of IGF-1 in human thyroid adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989; 61:139-47.
188. Errick JE, Ing KW, Eggo MC, Burrow GN. Growth and differentiation in cultured human thyroid cells: effects of epidermal growth factor and thyrotropin. In Vitro Cell Developmental Biology 1986; 22:28-36.
189. Roger PP, Taton M, Van Sande J, Dumont JE. Mitogenic effects of thyrotropin and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in differentiated normal human thyroid cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66:1158-65.
190. Heldin NE, Bergström D, Hermansson A, Bergensträhle A, Nakao A, Westermark B et al. Lack of responsiveness to TGF-b1 in a thyroid carcinoma cell line with functional type I and type II TGF-b receptors and Smad proteins, suggests a novel mechanism for TGF-b insensitivity in carcinoma cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1999; 153:79-90.
191. Dumont JE, Miot F, Erneux C, Couchie D, Cochaux P, Gervy-Decoster C et al. Negative regulation of cyclic AMP levels by activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: the example of the dog thyroid. Adv Cyclic Nucl Res 1984; 16:325-36.
192. Mockel J, Van Sande J, Decoster C, Dumont JE. Tumor promoters as probes of protein kinase C in dog thyroid cell: inhibition of the primary effects of carbamylcholine and reproduction of some distal effects. Metabolism 1987; 36:137-43.
193. Roger PP, Reuse S, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE. Multiple facets of the modulation of growth by cAMP. Vitamine and Hormones 1995; 51:59-191.
194. Stork PJ, Schmitt JM. Crosstalk between cAMP and MAP kinase signaling in the regulation of cell proliferation. Trends in Cell Biology 2002; 12:258-66.
195. Richards JS. New signaling pathways for hormones and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate action in endocrine cells. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:209-18.
196. Kimura T, Van Keymeulen A, Golstein J, Fusco A, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Regulation of thyroid cell proliferation by TSH and other factors: a critical evaluation of in vitro models. Endocrine Rev 2001; 22:631-56.
197. Rivas M, Santisteban P. TSH-activated signaling pathways in thyroid tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2003; 213:31-45.
198. Lamy F, Wilkin F, Baptist M, Posada J, Roger PP, Dumont JE. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases is involved in the epidermal growth factor and phorbol ester, but not in the thyrotropin/cAMP, thyroid mitogenic pathways. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993; 268:8398-401.
199. Van Keymeulen A, Roger PP, Dumont JE, Dremier S. TSH and cAMP do not signal mitogenesis through Ras activation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000; 273:154-8.
200. Bray GA. Increased sensitivity of the thyroid in iodine-depleted rats to the goitrogenic effects of thyrotropin. J Clin Invest 1968; 47:1640-7.
201. Wolff J. Congenital goiter with defective iodide transport. Endocrine Rev 1983; 4:240.
202. Wolff J. Iodide goiter and the pharmacologic effects of excess iodide. Am J Med 1969; 47:101-24.
203. Cochaux P, Van Sande J, Swillens S, Dumont JE. Iodide-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in horse and dog thyroid. European Journal of Biochemistry 1987; 170:435-42.
204. Laurent E, Mockel J, Takazawa K, Erneux C, Dumont JE. Stimulation of generation of inositol phosphates by carbamylcholine and its inhibition by phorbol esters and iodide in dog thyroid cells. Biochemical Journal 1989; 263:795-801.
205. Corvilain B, Laurent E, Lecomte M, Van Sande J, Dumont JE. Role of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and the phosphatidylinositol-Ca2+ cascades in mediating the effects of thyrotropin and iodide on hormone synthesis and secretion in human thyroid slices. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1994; 79:152.
206. Van Sande J, Grenier G, Willems C, Dumont JE. Inhibition by iodide of the activation of the thyroid cyclic 3',5'-AMP system. Endocrinology 1975; 96:781-6.
207. Dugrillon A, Bechtner G, Uedelhoven WM, Weber PC, Gärtner R. Evidence that an iodolactone mediates the inhibitory effect of iodine on thyroid cell proliferation but not on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation. Endocrinology 1990; 127:337-43.
208. Panneels V, Macours P, Van den BH, Braekman JC, Van Sande J, Boeynaems JM. Biosynthesis and metabolism of 2-iodohexadecanal in cultured dog thyroid cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271:23006-14.
209. Panneels V, Van Sande J, Van den BH, Jacoby C, Braekman JC, Dumont JE et al. Inhibition of human thyroid adenylyl cyclase by 2-iodoaldehydes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1994; 106:41-50.
210. Panneels V, Van den BH, Jacoby C, Braekman JC, Van Sande J, Dumont JE et al. Inhibition of H2O2 production by iodoaldehydes in cultured dog thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1994; 102:167-76.
211. Many MC, Mestdagh C, Van Den Hove MF, Denef JF. In vitro study of acute toxic effects of high iodide doses in human thyroid follicles. Endocrinology 1992; 131:621-30.
212. Corvilain B, Collyn L, Van Sande J, Dumont JE. Stimulation by iodide of H(2)O(2) generation in thyroid slices from several species. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 278:E692-E699.
213. Rees-Smith B, McLachlan SM, Furmaniak J. Autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. Endocrine Rev 1988; 9:106-21.
214. Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Perret J, Ludgate M et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 165:1250-5.
215. Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Sar S, Guiochon-Mantel A, Milgrom E. Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 166:394-403.
216. Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B. Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 165:1184-90.
217. Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, Sprengel R, Segaloff DL, Cone RD. Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4:1264-76.
218. Rapoport B, Chazenbalk GD, Jaume JC, McLachlan SM. The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: interaction with TSH and autoantibodies. Endocrine Rev 1998; 19:673-716.
219. Dias JA, Van Roey P. Structural biology of human follitropin and its receptor. Archives in Medical Research 2001; 32:510-9.
220. Ascoli M, Fanelli F, Segaloff DL. The lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptor, a 2002 perspective. Endocrine Rev 2002; 23:141-74.
221. Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships. Physiological Reviews 2002; 82:473-502.
222. Cornelis S, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Panneels V, Vassart G, Costagliola S. Purification and characterization of a soluble bioactive amino-terminal extracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochemistry 2001; 40:9860-9.
223. Vassart G, Pardo L, Costagliola S. A molecular dissection of the glycoprotein hormone receptors. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2004; 29:in press.
224. Perret J, Ludgate M, Libert F, Gerard C, Dumont JE, Vassart G et al. Stable expression of the human TSH receptor in CHO cells and characterization of differentially expressing clones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 171:1044-50.
225. Costagliola S, Swillens S, Niccoli P, Dumont JE, Vassart G, Ludgate M. Binding assay for thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies using the recombinant receptor protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75:1540-4.
226. Rapoport B, Seto P. Bovine thyrotropin has a specific bioactivity 5- to 10-fold that of previous estimates for highly purified hormone. Endocrinology 1985; 116:1379-82.
227. Amr S, Menezez-Ferreira M, Shimohigashi Y, Chen HC, Nisula B, Weintraub BD. Activities of deglycosylated thyrotropin at the thyroid membrane receptor-adenylate cyclase system. J Endocrinol Invest 1985; 8:537-41.
228. Ericson LE, Nilsson M. Deactivation of TSH receptor signaling in filter-cultured pig thyroid epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 278:E611-E619.
229. Van Sande J, Costa MJ, Massart C, Swillens S, Costagliola S, Orgiazzi J et al. Kinetics of thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-stimulating antibody binding and action on the TSH receptor in intact TSH receptor-expressing CHO cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003; 88:5366-74.
230. Ikuyama S, Niller HH, Shimura H, Akamizu T, Kohn LD. Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the rat thyrotropin receptor gene. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6:793-804.
231. Roselli-Rehfuss L, Robbins LS, Cone RD. Thyrotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in most brown and white adipose tissues in the guinea pig. Endocrinology 1992; 130:1857-61.
232. Bell A, Gagnon A, Grunder L, Parikh SJ, Smith TJ, Sorisky A. Functional TSH receptor in human abdominal preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 2000; 279:C335-C340.
233. Crisp MS, Lane C, Halliwell M, WynfordThomas D, Ludgate M. Thyrotropin receptor transcripts in human adipose tissue. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997; 82:2003-5.
234. Maenhaut C, Brabant G, Vassart G, Dumont JE. In vitro and in vivo regulation of thyrotropin receptor mRNA levels in dog and human thyroid cells. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:3000-7.
235. Uyttersprot, N., Pelgrims, N., Carrasco, N., Gervy, C., Maenhaut, C., Dumont, J. E., and Miot, F. Moderate doses of iodide in vivo inhibit cell proliferation and the expression of thyroperoxidase and Na+/I- symporter mRNAs in dog thyroid. Mol.Cell.Endocrinol. 131, 195-203. 1997.
Ref Type: Journal (Full)
236. Lapthorn AJ, Harris DC, Littlejohn A, Lustbader JW, Canfield RE, Machin KJ et al. Crystal-Structure of Human Chorionic-Gonadotropin. Nature 1994; 369:455-61.
237. Wu H, Lustbader JW, Liu Y, Canfield RE, Hendrickson WA. Structure of Human Chorionic-Gonadotropin at 2.6-Angstrom Resolution from Mad Analysis of the Selenomethionyl Protein. Structure 1994; 2:545-58.
238. Fox KM, Dias JA, Van Roey P. Three-dimensional structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:378-89.
239. Kobe B, Deisenhofer J. Crystal-Structure of Porcine Ribonuclease Inhibitor, A Protein with Leucine-Rich Repeats. Nature 1993; 366:751-6.
240. Kajava AV, Vassart G, Wodak SJ. Modeling of the 3-Dimensional Structure of Proteins with the Typical Leucine-Rich Repeats. Structure 1995; 3:867-77.
241. Jiang X. Structural predictions for the ligand-binding region of glycoprotein hormone receptors and the nature of hormone-receptor interactions. Structure 1995; 3:1341-53.
242. Bhowmick N, Huang JN, Puett D, Isaacs NW, Lapthorn AJ. Determination of residues important in hormone binding to the extracellular domain of the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor by site-directed mutagenesis and modeling. Mol Endocrinol 1996; 10:1147-59.
243. Smits G, Govaerts C, Nubourgh I, Pardo L, Vassart G, Costagliola S. Lysine 183 and glutamic acid 157 of the TSH receptor: two interacting residues with a key role in determining specificity toward TSH and human CG. Mol Endocrinol 2002; 16:722-35.
244. Grossmann M, Weintraub BD, Szkudlinski MW. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of human thyrotropin action: Structural, physiological, and therapeutic implications for the glycoprotein hormone family. Endocrine Rev 1997; 18:476-501.
245. Moyle WR, Campbell RK, Myers RV, Bernard MP, Han Y, Wang XY. Coevolution of Ligand-Receptor Pairs. Nature 1994; 368:251-5.
246. Dias JA, Zhang YQ, Liu XX. Receptor-Binding and Functional-Properties of Chimeric Human Follitropin Prepared by An Exchange Between A Small Hydrophilic Intercysteine Loop of Human Follitropin and Human Lutropin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994; 269:25289-94.
247. Costagliola S, Panneels V, Bonomi M, Koch J, Many MC, Smits G et al. Tyrosine sulfation is required for agonist recognition by glycoprotein hormone receptors. Embo Journal 2002; 21:504-13.
248. Palczewski K, Kumasaka T, Hori T, Behnke CA, Motoshima H, Fox BA et al. Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor. Science 2000; 289:739-45.
249. Ridge KD, Abdulaev NG, Sousa M, Palczewski K. Phototransduction: crystal clear. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2003; 28:479-87.
250. Parma J, Duprez L, Van Sande J, Hermans J, Rocmans P, Van Vliet G et al. Diversity and prevalence of somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor and Gs alpha genes as a cause of toxic thyroid adenomas. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997; 82:2695-701.
251. Refetoff S, Dumont JE, Vassart G. Thyroid Disorders. In: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Diseases (ed BALSWS, VD Scriver CR), McGraw-Hill, New York 2001;4029-76.
252. Duprez L, Parma J, Van Sande J, Allgeier A, Leclère J, Schvartz C et al. Germline mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause non-autoimmune autosomal dominant hyperthyroidism. Nature Genetics 1994; 7:396-401.
253. Neumann S, Krause G, Chey S, Paschke R. A free carboxylate oxygen in the side chain of position 674 in transmembrane domain 7 is necessary for TSH receptor activation. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:1294-305.
254. Claeysen S, Govaerts C, Lefort A, Van Sande J, Costagliola S, Pardo L et al. A conserved Asn in TM7 of the thyrotropin receptor is a common requirement for activation by both mutations and its natural agonist. FEBS Letters 2002; 517:195-200.
255. Ballesteros JA, Jensen AD, Liapakis G, Rasmussen SGF, Shi L, Gether U et al. Activation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor involves disruption of an ionic lock between the cytoplasmic ends of transmembrane segments 3 and 6. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001; 276:29171-7.
256. Duprez L, Parma J, Costagliola S, Hermans J, Van Sande J, Dumont JE et al. Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor by spontaneous mutations affecting the N-terminal extracellular domain. FEBS Letters 1997; 409:469-74.
257. Ho SC, Van Sande J, Lefort A, Vassart G, Costagliola S. Effects of mutations involving the highly conserved S281HCC motif in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor on TSH binding and constitutive activity. Endocrinology 2001; 142:2760-7.
258. Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Ho SC, Rodien P, Vassart G, Costagliola S. Activation of the cAMP Pathway by the TSH Receptor Involves Switching of the Ectodomain from a Tethered Inverse Agonist to an Agonist. Mol Endocrinol 2002; 16:736-46.
259. Rodien P, Bremont C, Samson ML, Parma J, Van Sande J, Costagliola S et al. Familial gestational hyperthyroidism caused by a mutant thyrotropin receptor hypersensitive to human chorionic gonadotropin. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339:1823-6.
260. Sanders J, Evans M, Premawardhana LDKE, Depraetere H, Jeffreys J, Richards T et al. Human monoclonal thyroid stimulating autoantibody. Lancet 2003; 362:126-8.
261. Ando T, Latif R, Pritsker A, Moran T, Nagayama Y, Davies TF. A monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibody. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002; 110:1667-74.
262. Costagliola S, Franssen JDF, Bonomi M, Urizar E, Willnich M, Bergmann A et al. Generation of a mouse monoclonal TSH receptor antibody with stimulating activity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002; 299:891-6.
263. Morgenthaler NG, Minich WB, Willnich M, Bogusch T, Hollidt JM, Weglohner W et al. Affinity purification and diagnostic use of TSH receptor autoantibodies from human serum. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2003; 212:73-9.
264. Delbeke D, Van Sande J, Swillens S, Erneux C, Dumont JE. Cooling enhances adenosine 3':5' monophosphate accumulation in thyrotropin stimulated dog thyroid slices. Metabolism 1982; 31:797-804.
265. Baratti-Elbaz C, Ghinea N, Lahuna O, Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Milgrom E. Internalization and recycling pathways of the thyrotropin receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13:1751-65.
266. Persani L, Lania A, Alberti L, Romoli R, Mantovani G, Filetti S et al. Induction of specific phosphodiesterase isoforms by constitutive activation of the cAMP pathway in autonomous thyroid adenomas. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000; 85:2872-8.
267. de Bernard S, Misrahi M, Huet JC, Beau I, Desroches A, Loosfelt H et al. Sequential cleavage and excision of a segment of the thyrotropin receptor ectodomain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999; 274:101-7.
268. Couet J, Sar S, Jolivet A, Hai MTV, Milgrom E, Misrahi M. Shedding of human thyrotropin receptor ectodomain - Involvement of a matrix metalloprotease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271:4545-52.
269. Beau I, Misrahi M, Gross B, Vannier B, Loosfelt H, Hai MTV et al. Basolateral localization and transcytosis of gonadotropin and thyrotropin receptors expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997; 272:5241-8.
270. Angers S, Salahpour A, Bouvier M. Dimerization: An emerging concept for G protein-coupled receptor ontogeny and function. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2002; 42:409-35.
271. Lee CW, Ji IH, Ryu KS, Song YS, Conn PM, Ji TH. Two defective heterozygous luteinizing hormone receptors can rescue hormone action. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277:15795-800.
272. Latif R, Graves P, Davies TF. Ligand-dependent inhibition of oligomerization at the human thyrotropin receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277:45059-67.
273. Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, Vassart G, Mattei MG. Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 1990; 54:82-3.
274. Rousseau-Merck MF, Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Milgrom E, Berger R. Assignment of the human thyroid stimulating hornone receptor (TSHR) gene to chromosome 14q31. Genomics 1990; 8:233-6.
275. Gross B, Misrahi M, Sar S, Milgrom E. Composite structure of the human thyrotropin receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 177:679-87.
276. Nilsson M, Björkman U, Ekholm R, Ericson LE. Polarized efflux of iodide in porcine thyrocytes occurs via a cAMP-regulated iodide channel in the apical plasma membrane. Acta Endocrinologica 1992; 126:67-74.
277. Rodriguez AM, Perron B, Lacroix L, Caillou B, Leblanc G, Schlumberger M et al. Identification and characterization of a putative human iodide transporter located at the apical membrane of thyrocytes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002; 87:3500-3.
278. Raspé E, Dumont JE. Control of the dog thyrocyte plasma membrane iodide permeability by the Ca2+-phosphatidylinositol and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate cascades. Endocrinology 1994; 135:986-95.
279. Saito T, Endo T, Kawaguchi A, Ikeda M, Nakazato M, Kogai T et al. Increased expression of the Na+/I- symporter in cultured human thyroid cells exposed to thyrotropin and in Graves' thyroid tissue. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997; 82:3331-6.
280. Arntzenius AB, Smit LJ, Schipper J. Inverse relation between iodine intake and thyroid blood flow: color doppler flow imaging in euthyroid humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1991; 73:1051-5.
281. Nunez J, Pommier J. Formation of thyroid hormones. Vitam Horm 1982; 39:175-229.
282. Dupuy C, Ohayon R, Valent A, Noel-Hudson MS, Deme D, Virion A. Purification of a novel flavoprotein involved in the thyroid NADPH oxidase. Cloning of the porcine and human cdnas. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37265-9.
283. De Deken X, Wang D, Dumont JE, Miot F. Characterization of ThOX proteins as components of the thyroid H(2)O(2)-generating system. Exp Cell Res 2002; 273:187-96.
284. Corvilain B, Van Sande J, Laurent E, Dumont JE. The H2O2-generating system modulates protein iodination and the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway in dog thyroid. Endocrinology 1991; 128:779-85.
285. Björkman U, Ekholm R. Hydrogen peroxide generation and its regulation in FRTL-5 and porcine thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1992; 130:393-9.
286. Björkman U, Ekholm R. Accelerated exocytosis and H2O2 generation in isolated thyroid follicles enhance protein iodination. Endocrinology 1988; 122:488-94.
287. Dumont JE, Boeynaems JM, Decoster C, Erneux C, Lamy F, Lecocq R et al. Biochemical mechanisms in the control of thyroid function and growth. Adv Cyclic Nucl Res 1978; 9:723-34.
288. Bernier-Valentin F, Kostrouch Z, Rabilloud R, Rousset B. Analysis of the thyroglobulin internationalization process using in vitro reconstituted thyroid follicles: evidence for a coated vesicle-dependent endocytic pathway. Endocrinology 1991; 129:2194-201.
289. Deshpande V, Venkatesh SG. Thyroglobulin, the prothyroid hormone: chemistry, synthesis and degradation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1999; 1430:157-78.
290. Chambard M, Depetris D, Gruffat D, Gonzalez S, Mauchamp J, Chabaud O. Thyrotropin regulation of apical and basal exocytosis of thyroglobulin by porcine thyroid monolayers. J Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4:193-9.
291. Herzog V. Pathways of endocytosis in thyroid follicle cells. Internat Rev Cytol 1984; 91:107-39.
292. Croizet-Berger K, Daumerie C, Couvreur M, Courtoy PJ, Van Den Hove MF. The endocytic catalysts, Rab5a and Rab7, are tandem regulators of thyroid hormone production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002; 99:8277-82.
293. Rocmans PA, Ketelbant-Balasse P, Dumont JE, Neve P. Hormonal secretion by hyperactive thyroid cells is not secondary to apical phagocytosis. Endocrinology 1978; 103:1834-48.
294. Van Den Hove MF, Couvreur M, De Visscher M. A new mechanism for the reabsorption of thyroid iodoproteins: selective fluid pinocytosis. European Journal of Biochemistry 1982; 122:415-22.
295. Lemansky P, Herzog V. Endocytosis of thyroglobulin is not mediated by mannose-6-phosphate receptors in thyrocytes. Evidence for low-affinity-binding sites operating in the uptake of thyroglobulin. European Journal of Biochemistry 1992; 209:111-9.
296. Marino M, McCluskey RT. Role of thyroglobulin endocytic pathways in the control of thyroid hormone release. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 2000; 279:C1295-C1306.
297. Marino M, Zheng G, McCluskey RT. Megalin (gp330) is an endocytic receptor for thyroglobulin on cultured fisher rat thyroid cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999; 274:12898-904.
298. Laurberg P. Mechanisms governing the relative proportions of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in thyroid secretion. Metabolism 1984; 33:379-92.
299. Unger J, Boeynaems JM, Van Herle A, Van Sande J, Rocmans P, Mockel J. In vitro nonbutanol-extractable iodine release in dog thyroid. Endocrinology 1979; 105:225-31.
300. Van Herle AJ, Vassart G, Dumont JE. Control of thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion. (First of two parts). New England Journal of Medicine 1979; 301:239-49.
301. Neve P, Dumont JE. Time sequence of ultrastructural changes in the stimulated dog thyroid. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 1970; 103:61-74.
302. Gerard AC, Xhenseval V, Colin IM, Many MC, Denef JF. Evidence for co-ordinated changes between vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide synthase III immunoreactivity, the functional status of the thyroid follicles, and the microvascular bed during chronic stimulation by low iodine and propylthiouracyl in old mice. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 142:651-60.
303. Gerard CM, Many MC, Daumerie C, Costagliola S, Miot F, DeVijlder JJ et al. Structural changes in the angiofollicular units between active and hypofunctioning follicles align with differences in the epithelial expression of newly discovered proteins involved in iodine transport and organification. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002; 87:1291-9.
304. Ohta K, Endo T, Onaya T. The mRNA levels of thyrotropin receptor, thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase in neoplastic human thyroid tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 174:1148-53.
305. Damante G, Tell G, Di Lauro R. A unique combination of transcription factors controls differentiation of thyroid cells. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research Molecular Biology 2001; 66:307-56.:307-56.
306. Damante G, DiLauro R. Thyroid-Specific Gene-Expression. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Gene Structure and Expression 1994; 1218:255-66.
307. Roger PP, Christophe D, Dumont JE, Pirson I. The dog thyroid primary culture system: a model of the regulation of function, growth and differentiation expression by cAMP and other well-defined signaling cascades. European Journal of Endocrinology 1997; 137:579-98.
308. Medina DL, Suzuki K, Pietrarelli M, Okajima F, Kohn LD, Santisteban P. Role of insulin and serum on thyrotropin regulation of thyroid transcription factor-1 and Pax-8 genes expression in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Thyroid 2000; 10:295-303.
309. Pouillon V, Pichon B, Donda A, Christophe D. TTF-2 does not appear to be a key mediator of the effect of cyclic AMP on thyroglobulin gene transcription in primary cultured dog thyrocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1998; 242:327-31.
310. Donda A, Javaux F, Van Renterghem P, Gervy-Decoster C, Vassart G, Christophe D. Human, bovine, canine and rat thyroglobulin promoter sequences display species-specific differences in an in vitro study. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993; 90:R23-R26.
311. Van Renterghem P, Vassart G, Christophe D. Pax 8 expression in primary cultured dog thyrocyte is increased by cyclic AMP. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1996; 1307:97-103.
312. Mascia A, Nitsch L, Di Lauro R, Zannini M. Hormonal control of the transcription factor Pax8 and its role in the regulation of thyroglobulin gene expression in thyroid cells. Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 172:163-76.
313. Van Renterghem P, Dremier S, Vassart G, Christophe D. Study of TTF-1 gene expression in dog thyrocytes in primary culture. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1995; 112:83-93.
314. Zannini M, Acebron A, DeFelice M, Arnone MI, MartinPerez J, Santisteban P et al. Mapping and functional role of phosphorylation sites in the thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996; 271:2249-54.
315. Reuse S, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE. Regulation of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc expressions by protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and cyclic AMP mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes: a positive and negative control by cyclic AMP on c-myc expression. Experimental Cell Research 1990; 189:33-40.
316. Deleu S, Pirson I, Clermont F, Nakamura T, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C. Immediate early gene expression in dog thyrocytes in response to growth, proliferation, and differentiation stimuli. J Cell Physiol 1999; 181:342-54.
317. Lalli E, Sassonecorsi P. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Tsh)-Directed Induction of the Crem Gene in the Thyroid-Gland Participates in the Long-Term Desensitization of the Tsh Receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995; 92:9633-7.
318. Pichon B, Jimenez-Cervantes C, Pirson I, Maenhaut C, Christophe D. Induction of nerve growth factor-induced gene-B (NGFI-B) as an early event in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response of dog thyrocytes in primary culture. Endocrinology 1996; 137:4691-8.
319. Pomerance M, Carapau D, Chantoux F, Mockey ML, Correze C, Francon J et al. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein expression and transcriptional activity are regulated by 3 ',5 '-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in thyroid cells. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:2283-94.
320. Pichon B, Vassart G, Christophe D. A canonical nerve growth factor-induced gene-B response element appears not to be involved in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent expression of differentiation in thyrocytes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1999; 154:21-7.
321. Davies E, Dumont JE, Vassart G. Thyrotropin-stimulated recruitment of free monoribosomes on to membrane-bound thyroglobulinsythesizing polyribosomes. Biochemical Journal 1978; 172:227-31.
322. Colletta G, Cirafici AM, Dicarlo A. Dual Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta on Rat-Thyroid Cells - Inhibition of Thyrotropin-Induced Proliferation and Reduction of Thyroid-Specific Differentiation Markers. Cancer Research 1989; 49:3457-62.
323. Nicolussi A, D'Inzeo S, Santulli M, Colletta G, Coppa A. TGF-beta control of rat thyroid follicular cells differentiation. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2003; 207:1-11.
324. Costamagna E, Garcia B, Santisteban P. The functional interaction between the paired domain transcription factor Pax8 and Smad3 is involved in transforming growth factor-beta repression of the sodium/iodide symporter gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004; 279:3439-46.
325. Roger PP, Van Heuverswyn B, Lambert C, Reuse S, Vassart G, Dumont JE. Antagonistic effects of thyrotropin and epidermal growth factor on thyroglobulin mRNA level in cultured thyroid cells. Eur J Biochem 1985; 152:239-45.
326. Pohl V, Abramowicz M, Vassart G, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Thyroperoxidase mRNA in quiescent and proliferating thyroid epithelial cells: expression and subcellular localization studied by in situ hydridization. European Journal of Cell Biology 1993; 62:94-104.
327. Blackwood L, Onions DE, Argyle DJ. Characterization of the feline thyroglobulin promoter. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2001; 20:185-201.
328. Christophe-Hobertus C, Christophe D. Two binding sites for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) determine the activity of the bovine thyroglobulin gene upstream enhancer element. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1999; 149:79-84.
329. Berg V, Vassart G, Christophe D. A zinc-dependent DNA-binding activity co-operates with cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein to activate the human thyroglobulin enhancer. Biochemical Journal 1997; 323:349-57.
330. Mascia A, DeFelice M, Lipardi C, Gentile R, Cali G, Zannini M et al. Transfection of TTF-1 gene induces thyroglobulin gene expression in undifferentiated FRT cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Gene Structure and Expression 1997; 1354:171-81.
331. di Magliano MP, Di Lauro R, Zannini M. Pax8 has a key role in thyroid cell differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000; 97:13144-9.
332. Di Palma T, Nitsch R, Mascia A, Nitsch L, Di Lauro R, Zannini M. The paired domain-containing factor Pax8 and the homeodomain-containing factor TTF-1 directly interact and synergistically activate transcription. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278:3395-402.
333. Miccadei S, De Leo R, Zammarchi E, Natali PG, Civitareale D. The synergistic activity of thyroid transcription factor 1 and Pax 8 relies on the promoter/enhancer interplay. Mol Endocrinol 2002; 16:837-46.
334. Ledent C, Parmentier M, Vassart G. Tissue-specific expression and methylation of a thyroglobulin- chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion gene in transgenic mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990; 87:6176-80.
335. Libert F, Vassart G, Christophe D. Methylation and expression of the human thyroglobulin gene. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1986; 134:1109-13.
336. Pichon B, Christophe-Hobertus C, Vassart G, Christophe D. Unmethylated thyroglobulin promoter may be repressed by methylation of flanking DNA sequences. Biochemical Journal 1994; 298:537-41.
337. Van Heuverswyn B, Streydio C, Brocas H, Refetoff S, Dumont JE, Vassart G. Thyrotropin controls transcription of the thyroglobulin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81:5941-5.
338. Gerard CM, Lefort A, Christophe D, Libert F, Van Sande J, Dumont JE et al. Control of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin transcription by cAMP: evidence for distinct regulatory mechanisms. Mol Endocrinol 1989; 3:2110-8.
339. Avvedimento VE, Tramontano D, Ursini MV. The level of thyroglobulin mRNA is regulated by TSH both in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1984; 122:472-7.
340. Hansen C, Gerard C, Vassart G, Stordeur P, Christophe D. Thyroid-specific and cAMP-dependent hypersensitive regions in thyroglobulin gene chromatin. European Journal of Biochemistry 1988; 178:387-93.
341. Christophe D, Gérard C, Juvenal G, Bacolla A, Teugels E, Ledent C et al. Identification of a cAMP-responsive region in thyroglobulin gene promoter. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989; 64:5-18.
342. Pohl V, Roger PP, Christophe D, Pattyn G, Vassart G, Dumont JE. Differentiation expression during proliferative activity induced through different pathways: in situ hybridization study of thyroglobulin gene expression in thyroid epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 1990; 111:663-72.
343. Ortiz L, Zannini M, Di Lauro R, Santisteban P. Transcriptional control of the forkhead thyroid transcription factor TTF-2 by thyrotropin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997; 272:23334-9.
344. Fayet G, Hovsepian S. Isolation of a normal human thyroid cell line: Hormonal requirement for thyroglobulin regulation. Thyroid 2002; 12:539-46.
345. Dremier S, Pohl V, Poteet-Smith C, Roger PP, Corbin J, Doskeland SO et al. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent kinase is required but may not be sufficient to mimic cyclic AMP-dependent DNA synthesis and thyroglobulin expression in dog thyroid cells. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:6717-26.
346. Graves PN, Davies TF. A second thyroglobulin messenger RNA species (rTg-2) in rat thyrocytes. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4:155-61.
347. Mercken L, Simons MJ, Vassart G. The 5'-end of bovine thyroglobulin mRNA encodes a hormonogenic peptides. FEBS Letters 1982; 149:285-7.
348. Abramowicz MJ, Vassart G, Christophe D. Thyroid peroxidase gene promoter confers TSH responsiveness to heterologous reporter genes in transfection experiments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 166:1257-64.
349. Francis-Lang H, Price M, Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Di Lauro R. Cell-type-specific expression of the rat thyroperoxidase promoter indicates common mechanism for thyroid-specific gene expression. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1992; 12:576-88.
350. Mizuno K, Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S. Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP): cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and structural identity with thyroid transcription factor TTF-1. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1991; 11:4927-33.
351. Esposito C, Miccadei S, Saiardi A, Civitareale D. PAX 8 activates the enhancer of the human thyroperoxidase gene. Biochemical Journal 1998; 331:37-40.
352. Gérard C, Lefort A, Libert F, Christophe D, Dumont JE, Vassart G. Transcriptional regulation of the thyroperoxydase gene by thyrotropin and forskolin. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1988; 60:239-42.
353. Ledent C, Dumont JE, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Thyroid expression of an A2 adenosine receptor transgene induces thyroid hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism. EMBO J 1991; 11:537-42.
354. Niccoli P, Fayadat L, Panneels V, Lanet J, Franc JL. Human thyroperoxidase in its alternatively spliced form (TPO2) is enzymatically inactive and exhibits changes in intracellular processing and trafficking. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997; 272:29487-92.
355. Tong Q, Ryu KY, Jhiang SM. Promoter characterization of the rat Na+/I- symporter gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1997; 239:34-41.
356. Behr M, Schmitt TL, Espinoza CR, Loos U. Cloning of a functional promoter of the human sodium/iodide-symporter gene. Biochemical Journal 1998; 331:359-63.
357. Endo T, Kaneshige M, Nakazato M, Ohmori M, Harii N, Onaya T. Thyroid transcription factor-1 activates the promoter activity of rat thyroid Na+/I- symporter gene. Mol Endocrinol 1997; 11:1747-55.
358. Taki K, Kogai T, Kanamoto Y, Hershman JM, Brent GA. A thyroid-specific far-upstream enhancer in the human sodium/iodide symporter gene requires Pax-8 binding and cyclic adenosine 3 ',5 '-monophosphate response element-like sequence binding proteins for full activity and is differentially regulated in normal and thyroid cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2002; 16:2266-82.
359. Saiardi A, Falasca P, Civitareale D. Synergistic Transcriptional Activation of the Thyrotropin Receptor Promoter by Cyclic Amp-Responsive-Element-Binding Protein and Thyroid Transcription Factor-1. Biochemical Journal 1995; 310:491-6.
360. Yokomori N, Tawata M, Saito T, Shimura H, Onaya T. Regulation of the rat thyrotropin receptor gene by the methylation-sensitive transcription factor GA binding protein. Mol Endocrinol 1998; 12:1241-9.
361. Civitareale D, Castelli MP, Falasca P, Saiardi A. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Activates the Promoter of the Thyrotropin Receptor Gene. Mol Endocrinol 1993; 7:1589-95.
362. Moeller LC, Kimura S, Kusakabe T, Liao XH, Van Sande J, Refetoff S. Hypothyroidism in thyroid transcription factor 1 haploinsufficiency is caused by reduced expression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:2295-302.
363. Saji M, Akamizu T, Sanchez M. Regulation of thyrotropin receptor gene expression in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1992; 130:520-33.
364. Berlingieri MT, Akamizu T, Fusco A. Thyrotropin receptor gene expression in oncogene-transfected rat thyroid cells: correlation between transformation, loss of thyrotropin-dependent growth, and loss of thyrotropin receptor gene expression. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990; 173:172-8.
365. Akamizu T, Ikuyama S, Saji M, Kosugi S, Kozak C, Wesley McBride O et al. Cloning, chromosomal assignment, and regulation of the rat thyrotropin receptor: expression of the gene is regulated by thyrotropin, agents that increase cAMP levels, and thyroid autoantibodies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990; 87:5677-81.
366. Kung AW, Collison K, Banga JP, McGregor AM. Effect of Graves' IgG on gene transcription in human thyroid cell cultures. Thyroglobulin gene activation. FEBS Letters 1988; 232:12-6.
367. Huber GK, Weinstein SP, Graves PN, Davies TF. The positive regulation of human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by recombinant human TSH is at the intranuclear level. Endocrinology 1992; 130:2858-64.
368. Brabant G, Maenhaut C, Kohrle J, Scheumann G, Dralle H, Hoang Vu C et al. Human thyrotropin receptor gene: expression in thyroid tumors and correlation to markers of thyroid differentiation and dedifferentiation. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1991; 82:R7-12.
369. Ledent C, Dumont JE, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Thyroid adenocarcinomas secondary to tissue-specific expression of Simian virus-40 large T-antigen in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 1991; 129:1391-401.
370. Mazzaferri EL. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: a selective approach to diagnosis and treatment. Annual Review of Medicine 1981; 32:73-91.
371. De Deken X, Wang D, Many MC, Costagliola S, Libert F, Vassart G et al. Cloning of two human thyroid cDNAs encoding new members of the NADPH oxidase family. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275:23227-33.
372. Dupuy C, Pomerance M, Ohayon R, Noel-Hudson MS, Deme D, Chaaraoui M et al. Thyroid oxidase (THOX2) gene expression in the rat thyroid cell line FRTL-5. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000; 277:287-92.
373. Pachucki J, Wang D, Christophe D, Miot F. Structural and functional characterization of the two human ThOX/Duox genes and their 5'-flanking regions. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2004; 214:53-62.
374. Christov K. Cell population kinetics and DNA content during thyroid carcinogenesis. Cell Tissue Kinetics 1985; 18:119-31.
375. Coclet J, Foureau F, Ketelbant P, Galand P, Dumont JE. Cell population kinetics in dog and human adult thyroid. Clinical Endocrinology 1989; 31:655-65.
376. Smeds S, Wollman SH. 3H-thymidine labeling of endothelial cells in thyroid arteries, veins, and lymphatics during thyroid stimulation. Laboratory Investigation 1983; 48:285-91.
377. Many MC, Denef JF, Haumont S. Precocity of the endothelial proliferation during a course of rapid goitrogenesis. Acta Endocrinologica 1984; 105:487-91.
378. Patel VA, Logan A, Watkinson JC, Uz-Zaman S, Sheppard MC, Ramsden JD et al. Isolation and characterization of human thyroid endothelial cells. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003; 284:E168-E176.
379. Sato K, Yamazaki K, Shizume K, Kanaji Y, Obara T, Ohsumi K et al. Stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone and Grave's immunoglobulin G of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in human thyroid follicles in vitro and flt mRNA expression in the rat thyroid in vivo. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995; 96:1295-302.
380. Takasu N, Komiya I, Nagasawa Y, Asawa T, Shinoda T, Yamada T et al. Stimulation of porcine thyroid cell alkalinization and growth by EGF, phorbol ester, and diacylglycerol. Am J Physiol 1990; 258:E445-E450.
381. Tramontano D, Cushing GW, Moses AC, Ingbar SH. Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates the growth of rat thyroid cells in culture and synergyzes the stimulation of DNA synthesis induced by TSH and Graves' IgG. Endocrinology 1986; 119:940-2.
382. Saji M, Tsushima T, Isozaki O, Murakami H, Ohba Y, Sato K et al. Interaction of insulin-like growth factor I with porcine thyroid cells cultured in monolayer. Endocrinology 1987; 121:749-56.
383. Roger PP, Servais P, Dumont JE. Stimulation by thyrotropin and cyclic AMP of the proliferation of quiescent canine thyroid cells cultured in a defined medium containing insulin. FEBS Letters 1983; 157:323-9.
384. Michiels FM, Caillou B, Talbot M, Dessarps-Freichey F, Maunoury MT, Schlumberger M et al. Oncogenic potential of guanine nucleotide stimulatory factor alpha subunit in thyroid glands of transgenic mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994; 91:10488-92.
385. Zeiger MA, Saji M, Gusev Y, Westra WH, Takiyama Y, Dooley WC et al. Thyroid-specific expression of cholera toxin A1 subunit causes thyroid hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 1997; 138:3133-40.
386. Meinkoth JL, Goldsmith PK, Spiegel AM, Melillo RM, Barone MV, Lupoli G et al. Inhibition of thyrotropin-induced DNA synthesis in thyroid ollicular cells by microinjection of an antibody to the stimulatory G protein of adenylate cyclase, Gs. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1992; 267:13239-45.
387. Kupperman E, Wen W, Meinkoth JL. Inhibition of thyrotropin-stimulated DNA synthesis by microinjection of inhibitors of cellular Ras and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1993; 13:4477-84.
388. Tsygankova OM, Kupperman E, Wen W, Meinkoth JL. Cyclic AMP activates Ras. Oncogene 2000; 19:3609-15.
389. Saavedra AP, Tsygankova OM, Prendergast GV, Dworet JH, Cheng G, Meinkoth JL. Role of cAMP, PKA and Rap1A in thyroid follicular cell survival. Oncogene 2002; 21:778-88.
390. Ribeiro-Neto F, Urbani J, Lemee N, Lou LG, Altschuler DL. On the mitogenic properties of Rap1b: cAMP-induced G(1)/S entry requires activated and phosphorylated Rap1b. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002; 99:5418-23.
391. Bacharach LK, Eggo MC, Mak WW, Burrow GN. Phorbol esters stimulate growth and inhibit differentiation in cultured thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1985; 116:1603-9.
392. Roger PP, Reuse S, Servais P, Van Heuverswyn B, Dumont JE. Stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiated expression by tumor-promoting phorbol esters in dog thyroid cells in primary culture. Cancer Research 1986; 46:898.
393. Van Keymeulen A, Deleu S, Bartek J, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Respective roles of carbamylcholine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in their synergistic regulation of cell cycle in thyroid primary cultures. Endocrinology 2001; 142:1251-9.
394. Raspe E, Reuse S, Roger PP, Dumont JE. Lack of Correlation Between the Activation of the Ca2+-Phosphatidylinositol Cascade and the Regulation of Dna-Synthesis in the Dog Throcyte. Experimental Cell Research 1992; 198:17-26.
395. Ollis CA, Hill DJ, Munro DS. A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of human thyroid cell growth by thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol 1989; 123:495-500.
396. Maciel RMB, Mores AC, Villone G, Tramontano D, Ingbar SH. Demonstration of the production and physiological role of insulin-like growth factor II in rat thyroid follicular cells in culture. J Clin Invest 1988; 82:1546-53.
397. De Vita G, Berlingieri MT, Visconti R, Castellone MD, Viglietto G, Baldassarre G et al. Akt/protein kinase B promotes survival and hormone-independent proliferation of thyroid cells in the absence of dedifferentiating and transforming effects. Cancer Research 2000; 60:3916-20.
398. Dremier S, Taton M, Coulonval K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Dumont JE. Mitogenic, dedifferentiating, and scattering effects of hepatocyte growth factor on dog thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1994; 135:135-40.
399. Gire V, Marshall CJ, Wynford-Thomas D. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is necessary but not sufficient for proliferation of human thyroid epithelial cells induced by mutant Ras. Oncogene 1999; 18:4819-32.
400. Melillo RM, Santoro M, Ong SH, Billaud M, Fusco A, Hadari YR et al. Docking protein FRS2 links the protein tyrosine kinase RET and its oncogenic forms with the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2001; 21:4177-87.
401. Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, Knauf JA, Nikiforov YE, Fagin JA. High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Research 2003; 63:1454-7.
402. Roger PP, Servais P, Dumont JE. Induction of DNA synthesis in dog thyrocytes in primary culture: synergistic effects of thyrotropin and cyclic AMP with epidermal growth factor and insulin. J Cell Physiol 1987; 130:58-67.
403. Roger PP, Servais P, Dumont JE. Regulation of dog thyroid epithelial cell cycle by forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator. Experimental Cell Research 1987; 172:282-92.
404. Becks GP, Eggo MC, Burrow GN. Organic iodide inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and growth in FRTL5 cells. Endocrinology 1988; 123:545-50.
405. Tsygankova OM, Saavedra A, Rebhun JF, Quilliam LA, Meinkoth JL. Coordinated regulation of Rap1 and thyroid differentiation by cyclic AMP and protein kinase A. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2001; 21:1921-9.
406. Lou LG, Urbani J, Ribeiro-Neto F, Altschuler DL. cAMP inhibition of Akt is mediated by activated and phosphorylated Rap1b. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002; 277:32799-806.
407. Tominaga T, Dela Cruz J, Burrow GN, Meinkoth JL. Divergent patterns of immediate early gene expression in response to thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in Wistar rat thyrocytes. Endocrinology 1994; 135:1212-9.
408. Reuse S, Pirson I, Dumont JE. Differential regulation of protooncogenes c-jun and jun D expressions by protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and cyclic-AMP mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes: TSH and cyclic-AMP induce proliferation but downregulate C-jun expression. Experimental Cell Research 1991; 196:210-5.
409. Contor L, Lamy F, Lecocq R, Roger PP, Dumont JE. Differential protein phosphorylation in induction of thyroid cell proliferation by thyrotropin, epidermal growth factor, or phorbol ester. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:2494-503.
410. Deleu S, Pirson I, Coulonval K, Drouin A, Taton M, Clermont F et al. IGF-1 or insulin, and the TSH cyclic AMP cascade separately control dog and human thyroid cell growth and DNA synthesis, and complement each other in inducing mitogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 149:41-51.
411. Cass LA, Meinkoth JL. Differential effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on p70 ribosomal S6 kinase. Endocrinology 1998; 139:1991-8.
412. Uyttersprot N, Costagliola S, Dumont JE, Miot F. Requirement for cAMP-response element (CRE) binding protein/CRE modulator transcription factors in thyrotropin-induced proliferation of dog thyroid cells in primary culture. European Journal of Biochemistry 1999; 259:370-8.
413. Nguyen LQ, Kopp P, Martinson F, Stanfield K, Roth SI, Jameson JL. A dominant negative CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) isoform inhibits thyrocyte growth, thyroid-specific gene expression, differentiation, and function. Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14:1448-61.
414. Lamy F, Roger PP, Lecocq R, Dumont JE. Differential protein synthesis in the induction of thyroid cell proliferation by thyrotropin, epidermal growth factor or serum. Eur J Biochem 1986; 155:265-72.
415. Bartek J, Bartkova J, Lukas J. The retinoblastoma protein pathway and the restriction point. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1996; 8:805-14.
416. Sherr CJ, Roberts JM. CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression. Genes Development 1999; 13:1501-12.
417. Lukas J, Bartkova J, Bartek J. Convergence of mitogenic signalling cascades from diverse classes of receptors at the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase-pRb-controlled G(1) checkpoint. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1996; 16:6917-25.
418. Coulonval K, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE, Lamy F. Phosphorylation of the three Rb protein family members is a common step of the cAMP-, the growth factor, and the phorbol ester-mitogenic cascades but is not necessary for the hypertrophy induced by insulin. Experimental Cell Research 1997; 233:395-8.
419. Baptist M, Lamy F, Gannon J, Hunt T, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Expression and subcellular localization of CDK2 and cdc2 kinases and their common partner cyclin A in thyroid epithelial cells: comparison of cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent cell cycles. J Cell Physiol 1996; 166:256-73.
420. Van Keymeulen A, Bartek J, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Cyclin D3 accumulation and activity integrate and rank the comitogenic pathways of thyrotropin and insulin in thyrocytes in primary culture. Oncogene 1999; 18:7351-9.
421. Depoortere F, Van Keymeulen A, Lukas J, Costagliola S, Bartkova J, Dumont JE et al. A requirement for cyclin D3-cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-4 assembly in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent proliferation of thyrocytes. J Cell Biol 1998; 140:1427-39.
422. Depoortere F, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Paradoxical accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 during the cAMP-dependent mitogenic stimulation of thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Cell Science 1996; 109:1759-64.
423. Depoortere F, Pirson I, Bartek J, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Transforming growth factor beta(1) selectively inhibits the cyclic AMP-dependent proliferation of primary thyroid epithelial cells by preventing the association of cyclin D3-cdk4 with nuclear p27(kip1). Molecular Biology of the Cell 2000; 11:1061-76.
424. Coulonval K, Bockstaele L, Paternot S, Dumont JE, Roger PP. The cyclin D3-CDK4-p27(kip1) holoenzyme in thyroid epithelial cells: activation by TSH, inhibition by TGFbeta, and phosphorylations of its subunits demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Experimental Cell Research 2003; 291:135-49.
425. Paternot S, Coulonval K, Dumont JE, Roger PP. Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of cyclin D3-bound CDK4 determines the passage through the cell cycle restriction point in thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278:26533-40.
426. Jhiang SM, Sagartz JE, Tong Q, Parker-Thornburg J, Capen CC, Cho JY et al. Targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene induces papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrinology 1996; 137:375-8.
427. Powell DJ, Jr., Russell J, Nibu K, Li G, Rhee E, Liao M et al. The RET/PTC3 oncogene: metastatic solid-type papillary carcinomas in murine thyroids. Cancer Research 1998; 58:5523-8.
428. Pirson I, Coulonval K, Lamy F, Dumont JE. c-myc expression is controlled by the mitogenic cAMP-cascade in thyrocytes. J Cell Physiol 1996; 168:59-70.
429. Bartkova J, Lukas J, Strauss M, Bartek J. Cyclin D3: requirement for G1/S transition and high abundance in quiescent tissues suggest a dual role in proliferation and differentiation. Oncogene 1998; 17:1027-37.
430. Roger PP, Baptist M, Dumont JE. A mechanism generating heterogeneity in thyroid epithelial cells: suppression of the thyrotropin/cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway after cell division induced by cAMP-independent factors. Journal of Cell Biology 1992; 117:383-93.
431. Dremier S, Golstein J, Mosselmans R, Dumont JE, Galand P, Robaye B. Apoptosis in dog thyroid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 200:52-8.
432. Riesco JM, Juanes JA, Carretero J, Blanco EJ, Riesco-Lopez JM, Vazquez G et al. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid follicular cells are involved in the involution of experimental non-tumoral hyperplastic goiter. Anatomy and Embryology 1998; 198:439-50.
433. Tamura M, Kimura H, Koji T, Tominaga T, Ashizawa K, Kiriyama T et al. Role of apoptosis of thyrocytes in a rat model of goiter. A possible involvement of Fas system. Endocrinology 1998; 139:3643-6.