Chapter 1 The Phylogeny, Ontogeny, Anatomy and Regulation of the Iodine Metabolizing Thyroid

	PHYLOGENY
	Function of the Thyroid in Lower Forms
	Hypothalamic and Pituitary Control
	ONTOGENY
	GROSS ANATOMY
	Physical Appearance and Anatomic Location
	Blood Supply
	Lymphatics
	Innervation
	The Secretory Unit - The Follicle
	THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE THYROID CELLS
	GENERAL METABOLISM OF THE FOLLICULAR THYROID CELL
	Energy metabolism
	Carbohydrate metabolism
	Mitochondrial Respiration
	RNA and DNA Metabolism
	Protein Metabolism
	Lipid metabolism
	Electrolyte Transport and metabolism
	THYROID REGULATORY FACTORS
	In Physiology
	In Pathology
	REGULATORY CASCADES
	The Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Cascade
	The Ca2+– Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Cascade
	Other Phospholipid-Linked Cascades
	Regulatory Cascades Controlled by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
	Cross-Signaling between the Cascades
	SPECIFIC CONTROL BY IODIDE
	THE THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR
	Structure of the Protein.
	Activation by TSH
	The TSH Receptor Gene.
	CONTROL OF THYROID FUNCTION
	Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
	Iodide Transport
	Iodide Binding to Protein and Iodotyrosine Coupling
	Thyroid Hormone Secretion
	Functional Heterogeneity
	CONTROL OF THYROID-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION
	Thyroglobulin
	Thyroperoxidase
	Sodium/iodide Symporter
	Thyropin Receptor
	Thyroid oxidases
	CONTROL OF GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION
	Thyroid Cell Turnover
	The Mitogenic Cascades
	Steps in the Mitogenic Cascades (Fig. 1-17)
	Proliferation and Differentiation (Fig 1-18)