Chapter 10
Graves' Disease and the Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis
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Table of Contents
DEFINITIONS
GRAVES' DISEASE AS A DISEASE OF THYROID AUTOIMMUNITY
CAUSES OF GRAVES' DISEASE
Environmental Factors
Thymic Selection of Lymphocytes
Molecular Mimicry
Thyroid Injury and Antigen Release:
Alterations in immune function
Genetic Factors
Other Suggested Causative Factors
Treg abnormalities
Fetal cell microchimerism
Development of expression of Class I or Class II MHC
Stress
Excess Iodide
THYROID GLAND FUNCTION IN GRAVES' DISEASE
IODINE SUPPRESSION OF THE GRAVES' THYROID
INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF GRAVES' DISEASE
PATHOLOGY
The Thyroid
EXTRATHYROIDAL CHANGES
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CLINICAL PICTURE AND THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF GRAVES' DISEASE AND THYROTOXICOSIS
THYROID GLAND
The Skin
NEURAL AND MENTAL CHANGES
MUSCLES
SKELETON AND CALCIUM METABOLISM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEMATOLOGIC CHANGES
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
GASTROINTESTINAL FINDINGS
URINARY TRACT
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ( TABLE 10-7)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ADRENAL CORTEX
OTHER METABOLIC ASPECTS
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
LIPIDS
PROTEIN METABOLISM
cAMP Metabolism
Vitamin Metabolism
Radiosensitivity
DEATH IN THYROTOXICOSIS
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SEXES
DIFFERENCES ATTRIBUTABLE TO AGE
SUMMARY
