1. Chaney AL. 1958. Protein-bound iodine. Adv Clin Chem. 1:82-9.
2. Benotti J, and Benotti N. 1963. Protein-bound iodine, total iodine and butanol extractable iodine by partial automation. Clin Chem. 9:408
3. Ekins RP. 1998. Ligand assays: from electrophoresis to miniaturized microarrays. Clin Chem. 44:2015-30.
4. Spencer CA, Takeuchi M, and Kazarosyan M. 1996. Current status and performance goals for serum thyrotropin (TSH) assays. Clinical Chemistry. 42 (1):141-145.
5. Nelson JC, and Wilcox RB. 1996. Analytical performance of free and total thyroxine assays. Clin Chem. 42:146-54.
6. Robbins J. 1996. Thyroid hormone transport proteins and the physiology of hormone binding. In: Gray CH, James VHT, eds. Hormones in Blood. London: Academic Press. 96-110.
7. Spencer CA, Takeuchi M, and Kazarosyan M. 1996. Current Status and Performance Goals for Serum Thyroglobulin Assays. Clin Chem. 42:164-73.
8. Feldt-Rasmussen U. 1996. Analytical and clinical performance goals for testing autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin and thyrotropin receptor. Clin Chem. 42:160-3.
9. Ekins RP. 1960. Estimation of T4 in human plasma by an electrophoretic technique. Clin Chim Acta. 5:453-9.
10. Murphy BP. 1965. The determination of thyroxine by competitive protein-binding analysis employing an anion-exchange resin and radiothyroxine. J Lab Clin Med. 66:161-7.
11. Chopra I. 1972. A radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyroxine in unextracted serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 34:938-43.
12. Challand, G., W. Ratcliffe, and J. Ratcliffe. 1975. Semiautomated radioimmunoassay for total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Clin Chim Acta. 60:25-32.
13. Symons RG. 1985. Evaluation of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay of thyroxine and thyroxine-uptake. Clin Chem. 31:1342-8.
14. Sturgess ML, Weeks I, Mpoko CN, Laing I, and Woodhead JS. 1986. Chemiluminescent labeled-antibody assay for thyroxin in serum, with magnetic separation of the solid-phase. Clin Chem. 32:532-5.
15. Baret A, and Fert V. 1989. T4 and ultrasensitive TSH immunoassays using luminescent enhanced xanthine oxidase assay. J Biolum Chemilum. 4:149-53.
16. Demers LM. 1999. Thyroid function testing and automation. J Clin Ligand Assay. 22:38-41.
17. Hufner M, and Hesch RD. 1973. A comparison of different compounds for TBG-blocking used in radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine. Clin Chim Acta. 44:101-7.
18. Evans SE, Burr WA, and Hogan TC. 1977. A reassessment of 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulphonic acid as a thyroxine binding inhibitor in the radioimmunoassay of thyroxine. Ann Clin Biochem. 14:330-4.
19. Matsuda M, Sakata S, Komaki T, Nakamura s, Kojima N, Takuno H, and Miura K. 1989. Effect of 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) on the interaction between thyroid hormone and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies. Clin Chim Acta. 185:139-46.
20. Gharib H, Ryan RJ, Mayberry WE, and Hockert T. 1971. Radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine (T3): 1. Affinity and specificity of the antibody for T3. J Clin Endocrinol. 33:509-16.
21. Surks MI, Schadlow Ar, and Oppenheimer JH. 1972. A new radioimmunoassay for plasma L-triiodothyronine: measurements in thyroid disease and in patients maintained on hormonal replacement. J Clin Invest. 51:3104-13.
22. Chopra IJ, Ho RS, and Lam R. 1972. An improved radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine in serum: Its application to clinical and physiological studies. J Lab Clin Med. 80:729.
23. Patel YC, Burger HG, Morley D, and Havlik H. 1973. A simplified radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine. J Clin Endocrinol. 36:187-90.
24. Fang VS, and Refetoff S. 1974. Radioimmunoassay for serum triiodothyronine: evaluation of simple techniques to control interference form binding proteins. Clin Chem. 20:1150-4.
25. Zuchelli GC, Pilo A, Chiesa MR, and Piro MA. 1984. Progress report on a national quality-control survey of triiodothyronine and thyroxin assay. Clin Chem. 30:395-8.
26. Klee GG. 1996. Clinical usage recommendations and analytic performance goals for total and free triiodothyronine measurements. Clin Chem. 42:155-9.
27. Karapitta CD, Sotiroudis TG, Papadimitriou A, and Xenakis A. 2001. Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for triiodothyronine in serum. Clin Chem. 47:569-74.
28. Thienpont LM, Fierens C, De Leenheer AP, and Przywara L. 1999. Isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/electro-spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triiodo-L-thyronine in serum. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 13:1924-31.
29. Witherspoon LR, El Shami AS, Shuler SE, Neely H, Sonnemaker R, Gilbert SS, and Alyea K. 1988. Chemically blocked analog assays for fre thyronines . 1. The effect of chemical blockers on T4 analog and T4 binding by albumin and by Thyroxin Binding Globulin. Clin Chem. 34:9-16.
30. De Nayer P, Malvaux P, and Beckers C. 1984. Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH): inadequacy of the "analog" methods for assaying free T4 levels. Eur J Nucl Med. 10:284-5.
31. John R, Henley R, and Shankland D. 1990. Concentrations of free Thyroxin and free Triiodothyronine in serum of patients with Thyroxin- and Triiodothyronine-binding autoantibodies. Clin Chem. 36:470-3.
32. Glinoer D, Fernandez-Deville M, and Ermans AM. 1978. Use of direct thyroxine-binding globulin measurement in the evaluation of thyroid function. J Endocrinol Invest. 1:329-35.
33. Burr WA, Evans SE, Lee J, and e. al. 1979. The ratio of thyroxine to thyroxine-binding globulin measurement in the evaluation of thyroid function. Clin Endocrinol. 11:333-42.
34. Mendel CM, Cavalieri RR, and Weisinger RA. 1988. On plasma protein-mediated transport of steroid and thyroid hormones. Am J Physiol. 255:E221-7.
35. Ekins R. 1990. Measurement of free hormones in blood. Endocrine Rev. 11:5-46.
36. Ekins R. 1993. Analytical measurements of free thyroxine. Clinics Lab Med. 13:599-630.
37. Ekins R. 1998. The science of free hormone measurement. Proc UK NEQUAS Meeting. 3:35-59.
38. Wang R, Nelson JC, Weiss RM, and Wilcox RB. 2000. Accuracy of free thyroxine measurements across natural ranges of thyroxine binding to serum proteins. Thyroid. 10:31-9.
39. Chopra IJ, Van Herle AJ, Chua Teco GN, and Nguyen AH. 1980. Serum free thyroxine in thyroidal and non-thyroidal illnesses: a comparison of measurements made by radioimmunoassay, equilibrium dialysis and free thyroxine index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 51:135-43.
40. Kaptein EM, Macintyre SS, Weiner JM, and Spencer CA. 1981. Free thyroxine estimates in nonthyroidal illness: comparison of eight methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 52:1073-7.
41. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, and Kaiser FE. 1982. Evidence for a factor in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal disease which inhibits iodothyronine binding by solid matrices, serum proteins, and rat hepatocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 54:757-66.
42. Surks MI, Hupart KH, Pan C, and Shapiro LE. 1988. Normal free thyroxine in critical nonthyroidal illnesses measured by ultrafiltration of undiluted serum and equilibrium dialysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 67:1031-8.
43. Tikanoja SH, and Liewendahl BK. 1990. New ultrafiltration method for free Thyroxin compared with equilibrium dialysis in patients with thyroid dysfunction and nonthyroidal illness. Clin Chem. 36:800-4.
44. Stockigt JR.1996. Guidelines for diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease: nonthyroidal illness. Clin Chem. 42:199-92.
45. Chopra IJ. 1997. Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: Is it a misnomer? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:329-34.
46. De Groot LJ. 1999. Dangerous dogmas in Medicine: the nonthyroidal illness syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:151-64.
47. Bayer MF. 1983. Free thyroxine results are affected by albumin concentration and nonthyroidal illness. Clin Chim Acta. 130:391-6.
48. Liewendahl K, Tikanoja S, Helenius T, and Valimaki M. 1984. Discrepancies between serum free triiodothyronine and free thyroxin as measured by equilibrium dialysis and analog radioimmunoassay in nonthyroidal illnesses. Clin Chem. 30:760-2.
49. Csako G, Zweig MH, Glickman J, Kestner J, and Ruddel M. 1989. Direct and indirect techniques for free thyroxin compared in patients with nonthyroidal illness. I. Effect of free fatty acids. Clin Chem. 35:102-9.
50. Csako G, Zwieg MH, Glickman J, Ruddel M, and K. J. 1989. Direct and indirect techniques for free thyroxin compared in patients with nonthyroidal illness. II. Effect of prealbumin, albumin and thyroxin-binding globulin. Clin Chem. 35:1655-62.
51. Midgley JEM, Sheehan CP, Christofides ND, Fry JE, Browning D, and Mandel R. 1990. Concentrations of free thyroxin and albumin in serum in nonthyroidal illness : assay artefacts and physiological influences. Clin Chem. 36:765-71.
52. Czako, G., M. H. Zweig, C. Benson, and M. Ruddel. 1987. On the albumin-dependence of measurements of free thyroxin. II Patients with non-thyroidal illness. Clin Chem. 33:87-92.
53. Nusynowitz, M. L. 1975. Free-thyroxine index. JAMA. 232:1050.
54. Larsen PR, Alexander NM, Chopra IJ, Hay ID, Hershman JM, Kaplan MM, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Oppenheimer JH, Solomon DH, and Surks MI. 1987. Revised nomenclature for tests of thyroid hornones and thyroid-related proteins in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64:1089-94.
55. Nelson JC, Wilcox BR, and Pandian MR. 1992. Dependence of free thyroxine estimates obtained with equilibrium tracer dialysis on the concentration of thyroxine-binding globulin. Clin Chem. 38:1294-1300.
56. Stockigt JR, Stevens V, White EL, and Barlow JW. 1983. Unbound analog radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin measure the albumin-bound hormone fraction. Clin Chem. 29:1408.
57. Ritter D, Stott R, Grant N, and Nahm MH. 1993. Endogenous antibodies that interfere with Thyroxine fluorescence polarization assay but not with radioimmunoassay or EMIT. Clin Chem. 39:508-11.
58. Ritter D, Brown W, Nahm MH, Ladenson JH, and Scott MG. 1994. Endogenous serum antibodies that interfere with a common thyroid hormone uptake assay: characterization and prevalence. Clin Chem. 40:1940-3.
59. Surks MI, and Sievert R. 1995. Drugs and thyroid function. NEJM. 333:1688-94.
60. Attwood EC, and Atkin GE. 1982. The T4: TBG ratio: a re-evaluation with particular reference to low and high serum TBG levels. Ann Clin Biochem. 19:101-3.
61. Szpunar WE, Stoffer SS, and DiGiulio W. 1987. Clinical evaluation of a thyroxine binding globulin assay in calculationg a free thyroxine index in normal, thyroid disease and sick euthyroid patients. J Nucl Med. 28:1341-3.
62. Nelson JC, and Tomei RT. 1989. Dependence of the thyroxin/thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) ratio and the free thyroxin index on TBG concentrations. Clin Chem. 35:541-4.
63. Litherland PGH, Bromage NR, and Hall RA. 1982. Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) measurement, compared with the conventional T3 uptake in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Clin Chim Acta. 122:345-52.
64. Hamolsky MW, Golodetz A, and Freedberg AS. 1959. The plasma protein-thyroid hormone complex in man. III Further studies on the use of the in vitro red blood cell uptake of I131-triiodothyronine as a diagnostic test of thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol. 19:103.
65. Sterling K, and Tabachnick M. 1961. Resin uptake of I131-triiodothyronine as a test of thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol. 61:456-64.
66. Clark F, and Horn DB. 1965. Assessment of thyroid function by the combined use of the serum protein-bound iodine and resin uptake of 131I-triiodothyronine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 25:39-45.
67. Larsen PR, Alexander NM, Chopra IJ, Hay ID, Hershman JM, Kaplan MM, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Oppenheimer JH, Solomon DH, and Surks MI. 1987. Revised nomenclature for tests of thyroid hormones and thyroid-related proteins in serum. (Committee on Nomenclature of the American Thyroid Association). Clin Chem. 33:2114-9.
68. Harpen MD, Lee WNP, Siegel JA, and Greenfield MA. 1982. Serum binding of triiodothyronine: theoretical and practical implications for in vitro triiodothyronine uptake. Endocrinol. 110:1732-9.
69. Helenius T, and Lieqendahl K. 1983. Improved dialysis method for free thyroxin in serum compared with five commercial radioimmunoassays in non-thyroidal illness and subjects with abnormal concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin. Clin Chem. 29:816-22.
70. Bayer MF, and McDougall IR. 1980. Radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine in serum: comparison with clinical findings and results of conventional thyroid function tests. Clin Chem. 26:1186-92.
71. Mendel CM, Frost PH, Kunitake ST, and Cavalieri RR. 1987. Mechanism of the heparin-induced increase in the concentration of free thyroxine in plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 65:1259.
72. Hawkins RC. 1998. Furosemide interference in newer free thyroxine assays. Clin Chem. 44:2550-1.
73. Sterling K, and Brenner MA. 1966. Free thyroxine in human serum: simplified measurement with the aid of magnesium precipitation. J Clin Invest. 45:153-63.
74. Schulssler GC, and Plager JE. 1967. Effect of preliminary purification of 131-Thyroxine on the determination of free thyroxine in serum. J Clin Endocrinol. 27:242-50.
75. Sophianopoulos J, Jerkunica I, Lee CN, and Sgoutas D. 1980. An improved ultrafiltration method for free thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum. Clin Chem. 26:159-62.
76. Sterling K, and Hededus A. 1962. Free thyroxine in human serum. J Clin Invest. 41:1031-40.
77. Oppenheimer JH, Squef R, Surks MI, and Hauer H. 1963. Binding of thyroxine by serum proteins evaluated by equilibrium dialysis and electrophoresis techniques. J Clin Invest. 42:1769.
78. Levinson SS, and Rieder S. 1974. Parameters affecting a rapid method in which Sephadex is used to determine the percentage of free thyroxine in serum. Clin Chem. 20:1568-72.
79. Snyder SM, Cavalieri RR, and Ingbar SH. 1976. Simultaneous measurement of percentage free thyroxine and triiodothyronine : comparison of equilibrium dialysis and sephadex chromatography. J Nucl Med. 17:660-4.
80. Wang YS, Hershman JM, and Pekary EA. 1985. Improved ultrafiltration method for simultaneous measurement of free Thyroxin and free Triiodothyronine in serum. Clin Chem. 31:517-22.
81. Ross HA. 1978. A dialysis rate method for the measurement of free triiodothyronine and steroid hormones in blood. Experimentia. 34:538-9.
82. Uchimura H, Nagataki S, Tabuchi T, Mizuno M, and Ingbar SH. 1976. Measurements of free Thyroxine: Comparison of per cent of free Thyroxine in diluted and undiluted serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 42:561-6.
83. Nelson JC, and Weiss RM. 1985. The effects of serum dilution on free thyroxine (T4) concentration in the low T4 syndrome of nonthyroidal illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 61:239-46.
84. Olsen T. 1979. Free T4, free T3 and free reverse T3 in dialysates of serum. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 39:53-9.
85. Nelson JC, and Tomei RT. 1988. Direct determination of free thyroxin in undiluted serum by equilibrium dialysis/radioimmunoassay. Clin Chem. 34:1737-44.
86. Chopra IJ, Taing P, and Mikus L. 1996. Direct determination of free triiodothyronine (T3) in undiluted serum by equilibrium dialysis/radioimmunoassay. Thyroid. 6:255-9.
87. Ellis SM, and Ekins R. 1973. Direct measurement by radioimmunoassay of the free thyroid hormone concentrations in serum. Acta Endocrinol (Suppl). 177:106.
88. Weeke J, and Orskov H. 1975. Ultrasensitive radioimmunoassay for direct determination of free triiodothyronine concentration in serum. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 35:237-44.
89. Romelli PB, Pennisi F, and Vancheri L. 1979. Measurement of free thyroid hormones in serum by column adsorption chromatography and radioimmunoassay. J Endocrinol Invest. 2:25-40.
90. Tikanoja S.1990. Ultrafiltration devices tested for use in a free thyroxine assay validated by comparison with equilibrium dialysis. Sacnd J Clin Lab Invest. 50:663-9.
91. Kurtz A, Dwyer K, and Ekins R. 1979. Serum free thyroxine in pregnancy. Br Med J. ii:550-1.
92. Ekins R, Filetti S, Kurtz AB, and Dwyer K. 1980. A simple general method for the assay of free hormones(and drugs): its application to the measurement of serum free thyroxine levels and the bearing of assay results on the "free thyroxine" concept. J Endocrinol. 85:29-30.
93. Witherspoon LR, Shuler SE, Garcia MM, and Zollinger LA. 1980. An assessment of methods for the estimation of free thyroxine. J Nucl Med. 21:529-39.
94. Rajan MGR, and Samuel AM. 1987. A two-step radioimmunoassay for free triiodothyronine in serum. Clin Chem. 33:372-6.
95. Bunting J. 1982. Immunoassays for free hormone measurement. In: Albertini A. Ekins RP.eds. Free Hormones in Blood. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press:139-49.
96. Slag MF, Morley JE, Elson MK, Labrosse KR, Crowson TW, Nuttall FQ, and et al. 1981. Free thyroxine levels in critically ill patients. A comparison of currently available assays. JAMA. 246:2702-6.
97. Melmed S, Geola FL, Reed AW, Pekary AE, Park J, and Hershman JM. 1982. A Comparison of methods for assessing thyroid function in nonthyroidal illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 54:300-6.
98. Ekins R. 1987. Validity of analog free thyroxin immunoassays. Clin Chem. 33:2137-52.
99. Wilkins TA, and Midgely JEM. 1981. New methods of free thyroid hormone assay. In: Bizollon CA. ed. Physiological peptides and new trends in radioimmunology: Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press:215-34.
100. Midgley JEM, Moon CR, and Wilkins TA. 1987. Validity of analog free thyroxin immunoassays. Part II. Clin Chem. 33:2145-52.
101. Spencer CA. 1986. Clinical evaluation of free T4 techniques. J Endocrinol Invest. 9:57-66.
102. Arevalo G. 1986. A reminder that hyperlipidemia interferes with determination of Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 32:907-8.
103. Jensen IW, and Faber J. 1988. Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia: a review. J Royal Soc Med. 81:34-7.
104. Meinhold H, and Wenzel KW. 1985. Comparative methodological studies with six commercial FT4 kits. NucCompact. 16:317-20.
105. Midgley JEM, and Wilkins TA. 1983. Effect of albumin concentration on equilibrium radioimmunoassay of serum free thyroxin with labeled thyroxin analog ("Amerlex Free T4"). Clin Chem. 29:1861-3.
106. Ekins R, Edwards P, Jackson T, and Geiscler D. 1984. Interpretation of labeled-analog free hormone assay. Clin Chem. 30:491-3.
107. Ordonez-Llanos J, Rodriquez-Espinosa J, Gomez-Gerique JA, Solans-Barri MD, and Ruiz-Minguez MA. 1984. Effect of isolated decreases in albumin and prealbumin on radioassay results for free thyroxin in nonthyroidal illnesses (Letter). Clin Chem. 30:96-8.
108. Alexander NM. 1986. Free thyroxin in serum: labeled thyroxin-analog methods fall short of their mark (Editorial). Clin Chem. 32:417.
109. Sheehan CP, and Christofides ND. 1992. One-step, labeled-antibody assay for measuring free thyroxin. !!. Performance in a multicenter trial. Clin Chem. 38:19-25.
110. Nelson JC, Weiss RM, and Wilcox RB. 1994. Underestimates of serum free thyroxine (T4) concentrations by free T4 immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 79:76-9.
111. Desai RK, Bredenkamp B, Jialai I, Omar MAK, Rajput MC, and Joubert SM. 1988. Autoantibodies to Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine. Clin Chem. 34:944-6.
112. Norden AGM, Jackson RA, Norden LE, Griffin AJ, Barnes MA, and Little JA. 1997. Misleading results for immunoassays of serum free thyroxine in the presence of rheumatoid factor. Clin Chem. 43:957-62.
113. Kaplan IV, and Levinson SS. 1999. When is a heterophile antibody not a heterophile antibody? When it is an antibody against a specific immunogen. Clin Chem. 45:616-8.
114. Sapin R, Schlienger J-L, Gasser F, and et al. 2000. Intermethod discordant free thyroxine measurements in bone marrow-transplanted patients. Clin Chem. 46:418.
115. Drinka PJ, Nolten WE, Voeks S, Langer E, and Carlson IH. 1991. Misleading elevation of the free thyroxine index in nursing home residents. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 115:1208-11.
116. Becker DV, Bigos ST, Gaitan E, Morris JC, Rallison ML, Spencer CA, Sugawara M, Middlesworth LV, and Wartofsky L. 1993. Optimal use of blood tests for assessment of thyroid function. JAMA. 269 (21):2736.
117. Yalow RS, and Berson SA. 1960. Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J Clin Invest. 39:1157-75.
118. Utiger, R. D. 1965. Radioimmunoassay of human plasma thyrotropin. J Clin Invest. 44:1277-86.
119. Odell WD, Wilber JF, and Paul WE. 1965. Radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin in human serum. J Clin Endocrinol. 25:1179-88.
120. Patel YC, Burger HG, and Hudson B. 1971. Radioimmunoassay of serum thyrotropin: Sensitivity and Specificity. J Clin Endocrinol. 33:768-74.
121. Burger HG, and Patel YC. 1972. The value of serum thyrotropin measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism. Med J Aust. 2:293-7.
122. Hall R. 1972. The immunoassay of thyroid-stimulating hormone and its clinical applications. Clin Endocrinol. 1:115-25.
123. Hershman, J. 1971. Utility of the radioimmunoassay of serum thyrotropin in man. Ann Intern Med. 74:481-90.
124. Haigler, E., J. Pittman, J. Hershman, and C. Baugh. 1971. Direct evaluation of pituitary Thyrotropin reserve utilizing synthetic Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 33:573-81.
125. Hall, R., B. J. Ormston, G. M. Besser, R. J. Cryer, and M. McKendrick. 1972. The thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in diseases of the pituitary and hypothalamus. Lancet. i:759-63.
126. Evans M, Croxson MS, Wilson TM, and Ibbertson HK. 1985. The screening of patients with suspected thyrotoxicosis using a sensitive TSH radioimmunoassay. Clin Endocrinol. 22:445-51.
127. Miles, L., and H. CN. 1968. Labeled antibodies and immunological assay systems. Nature. 219:186-9.
128. Kohler G, and Milstein C. 1975. Continuous culture of fused cells secreting specific antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 256:495-7.
129. Winter G, and Milstein C. 1991. Man-made antibodies. Nature. 349:293-99.
130. Seth J, Kellett HA, Caldwell G, Sweeting VM, Beckett GJ, Gow SM, and Toft AD. 1984. A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone: a replacement for the thyrotropin releasing test. Br Med J. 289:1334-6.
131. Bernutz C, Horn K, Konig A, and Pickardt CR. 1985. Advantages of sensitive assays for Thyrotropin in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 23:851-6.
132. Wiersinga WM, Endert E, Trip MD, and Verhaest-de Jong N. 1986. Immunoradiometric assay of Thyrotropin in plasma: its value in predicting response to thyroliberin stimulation and assessing thyroid function in amiodarone-treated patients. Clin Chem. 32:433-6.
133. Bassett F, Eastman CJ, Ma G, Maberly GF, and Smith HC. 1986. Diagnostic value of Thyrotropin concentrations in serum as measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay. Clin Chem. 32:461-4.
134. Martino E, Bambini G, Bartalena L, Mammoli C, Aghini-Lombardi F, Baschieri L, and Pinchera A. 1986. Human serum thyrotropin measurement by ultrasensitive immunoradiometric assay as a first-line test in the evaluation of thyroid function. Clin Endocrinol. 24:141-8.
135. Thornes HM, McLeod DT, and Carr D. 1987. Economy and efficiency in routine thyroid-function testing: use of a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin in a General Hospital Laboratory. Clin Chem. 33:1636-8.
136. Klee GG, and Hay ID. 1987. Assessment of sensitive Thyrotropin assays for an expanded role in thyroid function testing: proposed criteria for analytic performance and clinical utility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64:461-71.
137. McBride JH, Rodgerson Do, and Allin RE. 1987. Choriogonadotrophin interference in a sensitive assay for Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 33:1303-4.
138. Nicoloff, J. T., and C. A. Spencer. 1990. The use and misuse of the sensitive thyrotropin assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 71:553-8.
139. McCapra, F., D. Watmore, F. Sumun, A. Patel, I. Beheshti, K. Ramakrishnan, and J. Branson. 1989. Luminescent labels for immunoassay-from concept to practice. J Biolum Chimilum. 4:51-8.
140. Spencer CA, LoPresti JS, Patel A, Guttler RB, Eigen A, Shen S, and Nicoloff JT. 1990. Applications of a new chemiluninometric thyrotropin assay to subnormal measurement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 70:453-460.
141. Taimela E, Aalto M, Koskinen P, and Irjala K. 1993. Clinical and laboratory studies of time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays of thyrotropin and free triiodothyronine. Clin Chem. 39:679-82.
142. Papanastasiou-Diamandi A, Christopoulos TK, and Diamandis EP. 1992. Ultrasensitive Thyrotropin immunoassay based on enzymatically amplified time-resolved fluorescence with a Terbium Chelate. Clin Chem. 38:545-8.
143. John R, and Keston Jones M. 1984. An automated immunoradiometric assay for human Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 30:1396-8.
144. Savaser AN, Hsten N, Schulz E, Jorno L, and Felix R. 1987. Fluoroimmunoassay: an alternative to radioimmunoassay? Eur J Nucl Med. 13:397-401.
145. Fiore M, Mitchell J, Doan T, and e. al. 1988. The Abbott IMx automated benchtop immunochemistry analyzer system. Clin Chem. 34:1726-32.
146. Taimela E, Tahtela R, Koskinen P, Nuutila P, Forsstrom J, Taimela S, Karonen SL, Valimaki M, and Irjala K. 1994. Ability of two new thyrotropin (TSH) assays to separate hyperthyroid patients from euthyroid patients with low TSH. Clin Chem. 40:101-5.
147. Spencer CA, Takeuchi M, Kazarosyn M, MacKenzie F, Beckett GJ, and Wilkinson E. 1995. Interlaboratory/intermethod differences in functional sensitivity of immunometric assays for thyrotropin (TSH): impact on reliability of measurement of subnormal concentration. Clin Chem. 41:367-74.
148. Vogeser M, Weigand M, Fraunberger P, Fischer H, and Cremer P. 2000. Evaluation of the ADVIA Centaur TSH-3 assay. Clin Chem Lab Med. 38:331-4.
149. Ross DS, Daniels GH, and Gouveia D. 1990. The use and limitations of a chemiluminescent thyrotropin assay as a single thyroid function test in an out-patient endocrine clinic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 71:764-9.
150. Spencer CA, Schwarzbein D, Guttler RB, LoPresti JS, and Nicoloff JT. 1993. TRH stimulation test responses employing third and fourth generation TSH assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 76:494-498.
151. Cobb WE, Lamberton RP, and Jackson IMD. 1984. Use of a rapid, sensitive immunoradiometric assay for Thyrotropin to distinguish normal from hyperthyroid subjects. Clin Chem. 30:1558-60.
152. Piketty ML, Talbot JN, Askienazy S, and Milhaud G. 1987. Clinical significance of a low concentration of Thyrotropin" five immunometric "kit" assays compared. Clin Chem. 33:1237-41.
153. Evans MC. 1988. Ten commercial kits compared for assay of Thyrotropin in the normal and thyrotoxic range. Clin Chem. 34:123-7.
154. Gordin A, and Saarinen P. 1972. Methodological study of the radioimmunoassay of human thyrotropin. Acta Endocrinol. 71:24-36.
155. Moser RJ, and Hollingsworth DR. 1975. Examination of some factors affecting sensitivity and reproducibility in radioimmunoassay of Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 21:347-52.
156. Smith SR, Burton DW, and Izenstark JL. 1979. Levels of serum Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 139:757-60.
157. Spencer CA, and Nicoloff JT. 1980. Improved radioimmunoassay for human TSH. Clin Chim Acta. 108:415-24.
158. Mori T, Imura H, Bito S, Ikekubo K, Inoue S, Hashida S, Ishikawa E, and Ogawa H. 1987. Clinical usefulness of a highly sensitive enzyme-immunoassay of TSH. Clin Endocrinol. 27:1-10.
159. Wehmann RE, Rubenstein BA, and Nisula BC. 1979. A sensitive, convenient radioimmunoassay procedure which demonstrates that serum hTSH is suppressed below the normal range in thyrotoxic patients. Endocrine Res Commun. 6:249-55.
160. Kemp HA, John R, and Woodhead SJ. 1982. Labeled antibody Immunoassays. Ligand Quarterly. 5:27-34.
161. Rattle SJ, Purnell DR, Williams PI, Siddle K, and Forrest GC. 1984. New separation method for monoclonal immunoradiometric assays and its application to assays for thyrotropin and human choriogonadotropin. Clin Chem. 30:1457-61.
162. McConway MG, Biggart EM, and Chapman RS. 1987. Performance of the two-site immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone. Effects of changes in solid-phase matrix and antibody coupling chemistry. J Immunolog Methods. 104:87-92.
163. Odell WD, Griffin J, and Zahradnik R. 1986. Two monoclonal -antibody sandwich-type assay for thyrotropin, with use of an avidin-biotin separation technique. Clin Chem. 32:1873-8.
164. Wilkins TA, Brouwers G, Mareschal JC, and Cambiasco CL. 1988. High sensitivity, homogeneous particle-based immunoassay for thyrotropin (Multipact TM). Clin Chem. 34:1749-52.
165. Athey D, Ball M, and McNeil CJ. 1993. Avidin-biotin based electrochemical immunoassay for Thyrotropin. Ann Clin Biochem. 30:570-7.
166. Weeks I, Sturgess M, Siddle K, Jones MK, and Woodhead JS. 1984. A high sensitivity immunochemiluminometric assay for human thyrotropin. Clin Endocrinol. 20:489-95.
167. Spencer CA, Lai-Rosenfeld AO, Guttler RB, LoPresti J, Marcus AO, Nimalasuriya A, Eigen A, Doss RC, Green BJ, and Nicoloff JT. 1986. Thyrotropin secretion in thyrotoxic and thyroxine-treated patients: assessment by a sensitive immunoenzymometric assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 63:349-55.
168. Sgoutas DS, Tuten TE, Verras AA, Love A, and Barton EG. 1995. AquaLite® Bioluminescence assay of Thyrotropin in serum evaluated. Clin Chem. 41:1637-43.
169. Fraser CG, and Browning MCK. 1986. A plea for abandonment of the term "Highly Sensitive" for Thyrotropin assays. Clin Chem. 32:569-70.
170. Caldwell G, Gow SM, Sweeting VM, Beckett GJ, Seth J, and Toft AD. 1987. Value and limitations of a highly sensitive immunoradioimetric assay for Thyrotropin in the study of thyrotroph function. Clin Chem. 33:303-5.
171. Hildebrandt L, and White GH. 1988. Is a "Super-Sensitive" thyrotropin assay ("Magic Lite") of more diagnostic value? Clin Chem. 34:2584-5.
172. Surmont DWA, and Alexandre JA. 1988. Adaptations to keep a Thyrotropin immunoradiometric assay "supersensitive" with automated pipetting. Clin Chem. 34:370-1.
173. Gaines-Das RE, Brettschneider H, and Bristow AF. 1991. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. The effects of common matrices for assay standards on the performance of "ultra sensitive" immunometric assays for TSH. Clin Chim Acta. 203:S5-16.
174. Sadler WA, Murray LM, and Turner JG. 1996. What does "functional sensitivity" mean? Clin Chem. 42:2051.
175. Hay, I. D., M. F. Bayer, M. M. Kaplan, G. G. Klee, P. R. Larsen, and C. A. Spencer. 1991. American Thyroid Association Assessment of Current Free Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Measurements and Guidelines for Future Clinical Assays. Clin Chem. 37:2002 - 2008.
176. Spencer CA. 1989. Thyroid profiling for the 1990s - Free T4 estimate or sensitive TSH measurement. J Clin Immunoassay. 12:82-9.
177. ,Squire CR, and Fraser WD. 1995. Thyroid stimulating hormone measurement using a third generation immunometric assay. Ann Clin Biochem. 32:307-13.
178. Penny R., Spencer CA, Frasier SD., and Nicoloff JT. 1983. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels decrease with chronological age in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 56:177-80.
179. Zurakowski D, Di Canzio J, and Majzoub JA. 1999. Pediatric reference intervals for serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyrotropin and free thyroxine. Clin Chem. 45:1087-91.
180. Brabant, G., K. Prank, C. Hoang-Vu, and A. v. z. Muhlen. 1991. Hypothalamic regulation of pulsatile thyrotropin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 72:145-50.
181. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Hannon WH, Flanders WD, Gunter EW, Spencer CA, and Braverman LE. 2002. Serum thyrotropin, thyroxine, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): NHANES III. 2002;J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:489-99.
182. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F, and e. al. 1995. Incidence of thyroid disorfers in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol. 43:55-68.
183. Singer PA, Cooper DS, Levy EG, Ladenson PW, Braverman LE, Daniels G, Greenspan FS, McDougall IR, and Nikolai TF. 1995. Treatment guidelines for patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. JAMA. 273:808-12.
184. Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, Bagchi N, Bigos ST, Levy EG, Smith SA, and Daniels GH. 2000. American Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 160:1573-5.
185. Beck-Peccoz P, Amr S, Menezes-Ferreira NM, and et al. 1985. Decreased receptor binding of biologically inactive thyrotropin in central hypothyroidism: effect of treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med. 312:1085.
186. Beck-Peccoz P, and Persani L. 1994. Variable biological activity of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Eur J Endocrinol. 131:331.
187. Persani L, Ferretti E, Borgato S, Faglia G, and Beck-Peccoz P. 2000. Circulating thyrotropin bioactivity in sporadic central hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85:3631-5.
188. Wardle CA, Fraser WD, and Squire CR. 2001. Pitfalls in the use of thyrotropin concentration as a first-line thyroid-function test. Lancet. 357:1013-4.
189. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, and Ridgway EC. 2000. The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med. 160:19-27.
190. Sawin CT, Geller A, Kaplan MM, and et al. 1991. Low serum thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone) in older persons without hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 151:165.
191. Bayer MF, Macoviak JA, and McDougall IR. 1987. Diagnostic performance of sensitive measurements of serum thyrotropin during severe nonthyroidal illness: Their role in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Clin Chem. 33:2178-84.
192. Despres N, and Grant AM. 1998. Antibody interference in thyroid assays: a potential for clinical misinformation. Clin Chem. 44:440-54.
193. Clark PMS, and Price CP. 1987. Removal of interference by immunoglobulins in an enzyme-amplified immunoassay for Thyrotropin in serum. Clin Chem. 33:414.
194. Covinsky M, Laterza O, Pfeifer JD, Farkas-Szallasi T, and Scott MG. 2000. Lamda antibody to Esherichia coli produces false-positive results in multiple immunometric assays. Clin Chem. 46:1157-61.
195. Laurberg P. 1993. Persistent problems with the specificity of immunometric TSH assays. Thyroid. 3:279-83.
196. Valdes R, and Miller JJ. 1992. Increasing the specificity of immunoassays. J Clin Immunoassay. 15:87-96.
197. Miller JJ, and Valdes R. 1992. Methods for calculating crossreactivity in immunoassays. J Clin Immunoassay. 15:97-107.
198. Rafferty B, and Gaines Das R. 1999. Comparison of pituitary and recombinant huma thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) in a multicenter collaborative study: establishment of the first World Health Organization reference reagent for rhTSH. Clin Chem. 45:2207-15.
199. Spencer CA, and Challand GS. 1977. Interference in a radioimmunoassay for human thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 23:584-8.
200. Berghout A, Endert E, Wiersinga WMA, and Touber JL. 1988. The application of an immunoradiometric assay of plasma Thyrotropin (TSH-IRMA) in molar pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest. 11:15-9.
201. Robbins J, Rall JE, and Rawson RR. 1956. An unusual instance of thyroxine-binding by human serum gamma globulin. J Clin Endocrinol. 16:573-9.
202. Ochi Y, Nagamune T, Nakajima Y, Ishida M, Kajita Y, Hachiya T, and Ogura H. 1989. Anti-TSH antibodies in Graves' disease and their failure to interact with TSH receptor antibodies. Acta Endocrinol. 120:773-7.
203. Premachandra BN, and Blumenthal HT. 1967. Abnormal binding of thyroid hormone in sera from patients with Hashimoto's disease. J Clin Endocrinol. 27:931-6.
204. Staeheli V, Vallotton MB, and Burger A. 1975. Detection of human anti-thyroxine and anti-triiodothyronine antibodies in different thyroid conditions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 41:669-75.
205. Beck-Peccoz P, Romelli PB, Cattaneo MG, Faglia G, White EL, Barlow JW, and Stockigt JR. 1984. Evaluation of free Thyroxine methods in the presence of iodothyronine-binding autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 58:736-9.
206. Sakata S, Nakamura S, and Miura K. 1985. Autoantibodies against thyroid hormones or iodothyronine. Implications in diagnosis, thyroid function, treatment and pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med. 103:579-89.
207. Sakata S, Takuno H, Nagai K, Kimata Y, Maekawa H, Yamamoto M, and e. al. 1991. Anti-bovine thyrotropin autoantibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Endocrinol Invest. 14:123-30.
208. Fielding AM. 1984. Prevalence of serum autoantibody binding of Amerlex Thyroxin analog. Clin Chem. 30:501-2.
209. Akamizu T, Mori T, Kasagi K, and e. al. 1987. Anti-TSH antibody with high specificity to human TSH in sera from a patient with Graves' disease: Its isolation from, and interaction with, TSH receptor antibodies. Clin Endocrinol. 26:311-20.
210. Ginsberg J, Segal D, Ehrlich RM, and Walfish PG. 1978. Inappropriate triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) radioimmunoassay levels secondary to circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies. Clin Endocrinol. 8:133-9.
211. Byfield PGH, Lalloz MRA, Pearce CJ, and Himsworth RL. 1983. Free thyroid hormone concentrations in subjects with various abnormalities of binding proteins: experience with Amerlex Free T4 and Free T3 assays. Clin Endocrinol. 19:277-83.
212. Kricka LJ. 1999. Human anti-animal antibody interference in immunological assays. Clin Chem. 45:942-56.
213. Levinson SS. 1992. The nature of heterophilic antibodies and their role in immunoassay interference. J Clin Immunoassay. 15:108-15.
214. Frost SJ, Hine KR, Firth GB, and Wheatley T. 1998. Falsely lowered FT4 and raised TSH concentrations in a patient with hyperthyrodism and human anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies. Ann Clin Biochem 35:317-20.
215. Cernichow P, Vandalem JL, and Hennen G. 1981. Transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia: a factitious syndrome dure to the presence of heterophilic antibodies in the plasma of infants and their mothers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 53:387-93.
216. Marstein S. 1987. Caution against spuriously incrased thyrotropin values as determined by two-site immunoradiometric assays. Clin Chem. 33:1290-1.
217. Akamizu T, Mori T, Kasagi K, and e. al. 1987. Anti-TSH antibody with specificity to human TSH in sera from a patient with Graves' disease: its isolation from, and interaction with, TSH receptor antibodies. Clin Endocrinol. 26:311-20.
218. Kapyaho K, Tanner P, and Weber T. 1989. Effect of complement binding on a solid-phase immunometric TSH assay. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 49:211-6.
219. Fiad TM, Duffy J, and McKenna TJ. 1994. Multiple spuriously abnormal thyroid function indices due to heterophilic antibodies. Clin Endocrinol. 41:391-5.
220. Boscato, L. M., and M. C. Stuart. 1988. Heterophilic antibodies: a problem for all immunoassays. Clin Chem. 34:27-33.
221. Csako G, Weintraub BD, and Zweig MH. 1988. The potency of immunoglobulin G fragments for inhibition of interference caused by antiglobulin antibodies in monoclonal immunoradiometric assay for Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 34:1481-3.
222. Larson A, Karlsson-Parra A, and Sjoquist J. 1991. Use of chicken antibodies in enzyme immune assays to avoid interference by rheumatoid factors. Clin Chem. 37:411-4.
223. Howanitz PJ, Howanitz JH, Lamberson HV, and Ennis KM. 1982. Incidence and mechanism of spurious increases in serum Thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 28:427-31.
224. Primus FJ, Kelley EA, and Hansen HJ. 1988. "Sandwich"-type of immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients receiving murine monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and therapy. Clin Chem. 34:261-4.
225. Kricka LJ, Schmerfeld-Pruss D, Kaladas P, G. Scassellati, Seccamani E, Courtenay-Luck NS, Kosmas C, and e. al. 1992. Interlaboratory survey of methods for measuring human anti-mouse antibodies. Clin Chem. 38:172-3.
226. Kricka LJ, Schmerfeld-Pruss D, Kaladas P, G. Scassellati, Seccamani E, Courtenay-Luck NS, Kosmas C, and e. al. 1993. Survey of methods for measuring human anti-mouse antibodies. Clin Chim Acta. 215:153-63.
227. Kailajarvi M, Takala T, Gronroos P, Tryding N, Viikari J, Irjala K, and Forsstrom J. 2000. Reminders of drug effects on laboratory test results. Clin Chem. 46:1395-1400.
228. Stevenson HP, Archbold GPR, Johnston P, Young IS, and Sheridan B. 1998. Misleading serum free thyroxine results during low molecular weight heparin treatment. Clin Chem. 44:1002-7.
229. Karch FE, Morgan JP, Kubasik NP, and e. al. 1976. Effect of halofenate on serum thyroid hormone determinations in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 43:26-31.
230. Stockigt JR, Lim CF, Barlow JW, and Topliss DJ. 1994. Drug-induced disturbances of in vitro thyroid testing: Effects of circulating competitors for protein binding. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 102:110-6.
231. Iitaka M, Kawasaki S, Sakurai S, Hara Y, Kuriyama R, Yamanaka K, Kitahama s, Miura S, Kawakami Y, and Katayama S. 1998. Serum substances that interfere with thyroid hormone assays in patients with chronic renal failure. Clin Endocrinol. 48:739-46.
232. Bowie LJ, Kirkpatrick PB, and Dohnal JC. 1987. Thyroid function testing with the TDx: Interference from endogenous fluorophore. Clin Chem. 33:1467.
233. Huisman JW. 1986. Interference by Diflunisal with the FETI method for serum thyroxine. Ann Clin Biochem. 23:223-4.
234. Parkes AB, Othman S, Hall R, John R, Richards CJ, and Lazarus JH. 1994. The role of complement in the pathogenesis of postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 79:395.
235. McKenzie MJ, and Zakarija M. 1996. Antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease. In Werner and Ingbar's "The Thyroid". Eds: L E Braverman and R D Utiger. J B Lippincott, Philadelphia. 416-32.
236. Marcocci C, and Chiovato L. 2000. Thyroid -directed antibodies. In Werner and Ingbar's "The Thyroid". Eds: L E Braverman and R D Utiger. J B Lippincott, Philadelphia. 414-31.
237. Schardt CW, McLaughlan SM, Matheson J, and Smith BR. 1982. An enzyme-linked immunoassay for thyroid microsomal antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 55:155-68.
238. Feldt-Rasmussen U, and Rasmussen AK. 1985. Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in presence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb). Clinical and methodological relevance of the interaction between Tg and TgAb in vitro and in vivo. J Endocrinol Invest. 8:571-6.
239. Mariotti S, Caturegli P, Piccolo P, Barbesino G, and Pinchera A. 1990. Antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 71:661-9.
240. Trotter WR, Belyavin G, and Waddams A. 1957. Precipitating and complement fixing antibodies in Hashimoto's disease. Proc R Soc Med. 50:961.
241. Cayzer I, Chalmers SR, Doniach d, and Swana G. 1978. An evaluation of two new haemagglutination tests for the rapid diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Pathol. 31:1147.
242. Czarnocka, B., J. Ruf, M. Ferrand, and P. Carayon. 1985. Purification of the human thyroid peroxidase and its identification as the microsomal antigen involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases. FEBS Lett. 190:147-52.
243. Mariotti, S., S. Anelli, J. Ruf, R. Bechi, B. Czarnocka, A. Lombardi, P. Carayon, and A. Pinchera. 1987. Comparison of serum thyroid microsomal and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 65:987-93.
244. Hoier-Madsen M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hegedus L, Perrild H, and Hansen HS. 1984. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of thyroglobulin autoantibodies. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 92:377-82.
245. Ruf, J., B. Czarnocka, M. Ferrand, F. Doullais, and P. Carayon. 1988. Novel routine assay of thyroperoxidase autoantibodies. Clin Chem. 34:2231-4.
246. Yokoyama N, Taurog A, and Klee GG. 1989. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroid microsomal autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 68:766-73.
247. Beever, K., J. Bradbury, D. Phillips, S. M. McLachlan, C. Pegg, A. Goral, W. Overbeck, G. Feifel, and B. R. Smith. 1989. Highly sensitive assays of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and to thyroid peroxidase. Clin Chem. 35:1949-54.
248. Groves CJ, Howells RD, Williams S, Darke C, and Parkes AB. 1990. Primary standardization for the ELISA of serum thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies and their prevalence in a normal Welsh population. J Clin Lab Immunol. 32:147-51.
249. Laurberg P, Pedersen KM, Vittinghus E, and Ekelund S. 1992. Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of autoantibodies to human thyroid peroxidase. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 52 (7):663-9.
250. Boehm BO, Kuhnl P, Loliger C, Ketzler-Sasse U, Holzberger G, Seidl S, and e. al. 1993. HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 confer risk for autoantibody positivity against thyroperoxidase (mic-TPO) antigen in healthy blood donors. clin Invest. 71:221-5.
251. Finke R, Bogner u, Kotulla P, and Schleusener H. 1994. Anti-TPO antibody determinations using different methods. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 102:145-50.
252. Spencer CA, Wang C, Fatemi S, G. RB, Takeuchi M, and Kazarosyan M. 1998. Serum Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies: Prevalence, influence on serum thyroglobulin measurement and prognostic significance in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:1121-7.
253. Ericsson UB, Christensen SB, and Thorell JI. 1985. A high prevalence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in adults with and without thyroid disease as measured with a sensitive solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 37:154-62.
254. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hoier-Madsen M, Bech K, Blichert-Toft M, Bliddal H, Date J, and etal. 1991. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in thyroid disorders and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity. 9:245-53.
255. Chiovato L, Bassi P, Santini F, Mammoli C, Lapi P, Carayon P, and Pinchera A. 1993. Antibodies producing complement-mediated thyroid cytotoxicity in patients with atrophic or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 77:1700-5.
256. Guo J, Jaume JC, Rapoport B, and McLachlan SM. 1997. Recombinant thyroid peroxidase-specific Fab converted to immunoglobulin G (IgG)molecules: evidence for thyroid cell damage by IgG1, but not IgG4, autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:925-31.
257. Chiovato L, Bassi P, Santini F, Mammoli C, Lapi P, Carayon P, and Pinchera A. 1993. Antibodies producing complement-mediated thyroid cytotoxicity in patients with atrophic or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 77:1700-5.
258. Stagnaro-Green A, Roman SH, Cobin RH, el-Harazy E, Alvarez-Marfany M, and Davies TF. 1990. Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. JAMA. 264:1422-5.
259. Glinoer D, Riahi M, Grun JP, and Kinthaert J. 1994. Risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women with asymptomatic autoimmune thyroid disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 79:1970.
260. Premawardhana LD, Parkes AB, AMMARI F, John R, Darke C, Adams H, and Lazarus JH. 2000. Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85:71-5.
261. Nohr SB, Jorgensen A, Pedersen KM, and Laurberg P. 2000. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in pregnant thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women living in an area with mild to moderate iodine deficiency: Is iodine supplementation safe? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85:3191-8.
262. Bussen S, Steck T, and Dietl J. 2000. Increased prevalence of thyroid antibodies in euthyroid women with a history of recurrent in-vitro fertilization failure. Hum Reprod. 15:545-8.
263. Johnston AM, and Eagles JM. 1999. Lithium-associated clinical hypothyroidism. Prevalence and risk factors. Br. J Psychiatry. 175:336-9.
264. Bell TM, Bansal AS, Shorthouse C, and et al. 1999. Low titre autoantibodies predict autoimmune disease during inteferon alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 14:419-22.
265. Daniels GH. 2001. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86:3-8.
266. Martino E, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, and Braverman LE. 2001. The effects of Amiodarone on the Thyroid. Endoc Rev. 22:240-54.
267. Ruf J, Henry M, DeMicco C, and Carayon P. 1987. Characterization of monoclonal and autoimmune antibodies to thyroglobulin : application to clinical investigation. In: Hufner M, Reiners C, eds. Thyroglobulin and thyrolobulin antibodies in the follow-up of thyroid cancer and endemic goiter. Stuttgart: G Thieme Verlag.:21-30.
268. Ruf J, Carayon P, and Lissitzky S. 1985. Various expressions of a unique anti-human thyroglobulin antibody repertoire in normal state and autoimmune disease. Eur J Immunol. 15:268-72.
269. Doullay F, Ruf J, Codaccioni JL, and et al. 1991. Prevalence of autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase in patients with various thyroid and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity. 9:237-44.
270. Kumar A, Shah Dh, Shrihari U, Dandekar SR, Vijayan U, and Sharma SM. 1994. Significance of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 4:199-202.
271. Pacini F, Mariotti S, Formica N, and Elisei R. 1988. Thyroid autoantibodies in thyroid cancer: Incidence and relationship with tumor outcome. Acta Endocrinol. 119:373-80.
272. Rubello D, Casara D, Girelli ME, Piccolo M, and Busnardo B. 1992. Clinical meaning of circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies in differentiated thyroid cancer: a prospective study. J Nucl Med. 33:1478-80.
273. Morris JC. 1998. Clinical use of immunological assays of TSH Receptor autoantibodies. Thyroid Today. 21:1-7.
274. Weigle WO, and High GJ. 1967. The behaviour of autologous thyroglobulin in the circulation of rabbits immunized with either heterologous or altered homologous thyroglobulin. J Immunol. 98:1105-14.
275. Ringel MD, L. P., Levine MA. 1998. Molecular diagnosis of residual and recurrent thyroid cancer by amplification of thyroglobulin mRNA in peripheral blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:435-42.
276. Ringel MD, Balducci-Silano PL, Anderson JS, Spencer CA, Silverman J, Sparling YH, Francis GL, Burman KD, Wartofsky L, Ladenson PW, Levine MA, and Tuttle RM. 1999. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of circulating thyroglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid for monitoring patients with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:4037-42.
277. Seetharamaiah GS, Kurosky A, Desai RK, Dallas JS, and Prabhakar VS. 1994. A recombinant extracellular domain of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor bindsTSH in the absence of membranes. Endocrinol. 134:549-54.
278. Smith BR, McLachlan SM, and Furmaniak J. 1988. Autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. Endocrinol Rev. 9:106-21.
279. Sugawa H, Ueda Y, U. M., and e. al. 1998. Immunization with the "immunogenic peptide" of TSH receptor induces oligoclonal antibodies with various biological activities. Peptides. 19:1301-7.
280. Yoshida K, Aizawa Y, Kaise N, Fukazawa H, Kiso Y, Sayama N, Mori K, Hori H, and Abe K. 1996. Relationship between thyroid-stimulating antibodies and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins years after administration of radioiodine for Graves' disease: retrospective clinical survey. J Endocrinol Invest. 19:682-6.
281. Takasu N, oshiro C, Akamine H, Komiya I, Nagata A, Sato Y, Yoshimura H, and Ito K. 1997. Thyroid-stimulating antibody and TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin in 277 Graves' patients and in 686 normal subjects. J Endocrinol Invest. 20:452-61.
282.Kung AW, and Jones BM. 1998. A change from stimulatory to blocking antibody activity in Graves' disease during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:514-8.
283. Gupta MK. 2000. Thyrotropin-receptor antibodies in thyroid diseases: advances in detection techniques and clinical application. Clin Chem Acta. 293:1-29.
284. Kasagi, K., J. Konishi, Y. Iida, K. Arai, K. Endo, and K. Torizuka. 1987. A sensitive and practical assay for thyroid stimulating antibodies using FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Acta Endocrinol. 115:30-6.
285. Michelangeli VP, Munro DS, Poon CW, Frauman AG, and Colman PG. 1994. Measurement of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a new cell line transfected with a functional human TSH receptor (JPO9 cells), compared with an assay using FRTL-5 cells. Clin Endocrinol. 40:645-52.
286. Shewring, G., and B. Rees-Smith. 1982. An improved radioreceptor assay for TSH receptor antibodies. Clin Endocrinol. 17:409-17.
287. Morris JC, Hay ID, Nelson RE, and Jiang N-S. 1988. Clinical utility of thyrotropin-receptor antibody assays: comparison of radioreceptor and bioassay methods. Mayo Clin Proc. 63:707-17.
288. Minich WB, Behr M, and Loos U. 1997. Expression of a functional tagged human thyrotropin receptor in HeLa cells using recombinant vaccinia virus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab. 105:282-90.
289. Morgenthaler NG, Pampel I, Aust G, SeisslerJ, and Scherbaum WA. 1998. Application of a bioassay with CHO cells for the routine detection of stimulating and blocking autoantibodies to the TSH-receptor. Horm Metab Res. 30:162-8.
290. Costagliola S, Swillens S, Niccoli P, Dumont JE, Vassart G, and Ludgate M. 1992. Binding assay for thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies using the recombinant receptor protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 75:1540-44.
291. Morgenthaler NG, Hodak K, Seissler J, Steinbrenner H, Pampel I, Gupta M, McGregor AM, Scherbaum WA, and Banga JP. 1999. Direct binding of thyrotropin receptor autoantibody to in vitro translated thyrotropin receptor: a comparison to radioreceptor assay and thyroid stimulating bioassay. Thyroid. 9:466-75.
292. Akamizu T, Inoue D, Kosugi S, Kohn LD, and Mori T. 1994. Further studies of amino acids (268-304) in thyrotropin (TSH)-lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor chimeras: Cysteine-301 is important in TSH binding and receptor tertiary structure. Thyroid. 4:43-8.
293. Grasso YZ, Kim MR, Faiman C, and e. al. 1999. Epitope heterogeneity of thyrotropin-blocking antibodies in Graves' patients as detected with wild-type versus chimeric thyrotropin receptors. Thyroid. 9:521-37.
294. Kim WB, Chung HK, Lee HK, Kohn LD, Tahara K, and Cho BY. 1997. Changes in epitopes for thyroid stimulation antibodies in Graves' disease sera during treatment of hyperthyroidism: Therapeutic implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82:1953-9.
295. Schott M, Feldkamp J, Bathan C, Fritzen R, Scherbaum WA, and Seissler J. 2000. Detecting TSH-Receptor antibodies with the recombinant TBII assay: technical and clinical evaluation. Horm Metab Research. 32:429-35.
296. Giovanella L, Ceriani L, and Garancini S. 2001. Clinical applications of the 2nd. generation assay for anti-TSH receptor antibodies in Graves' disease. Evaluation in patients with negative 1st. generation test. Clin Chem Lab med. 39:25-8.
297. Feldt-Rasmussen. 1994. Meta-analysis evaluation of the impact of thyrotropin receptor antiboides on long-term remission after medical therapy of Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 78:98-102.
298. Michelangeli V, Poon C, taft J, Newnham H, Topliss D, and Colman P. 1998. The prognostic value of thyrotropin receptor antibody measurement in the early stages of treatment of Graves' disease with antithyroid drugs. Thyroid. 8:119-24.
299. Cho BY, Shong MH, Yi KH, Lee HK, Koh CS, and Min HK. 1992. Evaluation of serum basal thyrotropin levels and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels and thyrotropin receptor antibody activities as prognostic markers for discontinuation of antithyroid drug treatment in patients with Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol. 36:585-90.
300. Costagliola S, Morganthaler NG, Hoermann R, Badenhoop K, Struck J, Freitag D, Poertl s, Weglohner W, Hollidt JM, Quadbeck B, Dumont JE, Schumm-Draeger PM, Bergmann A, Mann K, Vassart G, and Usadel KH. 1999. Second generation assay for thyrotropin receptor antibodies has superior diagnostic sensitivity for Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:90-7.
301. McKenzie JM, and Zakarija M. 1992. Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to maternal TSH receptor antibodies [Review]. Thyroid. 2:155-9.
302. Heithorn R, Hauffa BP, and Reinwein D. 1999. Thyroid antibodies in children of mothers with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Eur J Pediatr. 158:24-8.
303. Bartelena L, Marcocci C, Bogazzi F, and e. al. 1998. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the coourse of Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 338:73-8.
304. Bech K. 1983. Immunological aspects of Graves' disease and importance of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) Suppl. 103:5-38.
305. Feldt-Rasmussen U. 1983. Serum thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin autoantibodies in thyroid disease. Allergy. 38:369-87.
306. Nygaard B, Metcalfe RA, Phipps J, Weetman AP, and Hegedus L. 1999. Graves' disease and thyroid-associated opthalopathy triggered by 131I treatment of non-toxic goitre. J Endocrinol Invest. 22:481-5.
307. Gerding MN, van der Meer Jolanda WC, Broenink M, Bakker O, W. WM, and Prummel MF. 2000. Association of thyrotropin receptor antibodies with the clinical features of Graves' opthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol. 52:267-71.
308. Spencer CA, and Wang CC. 1995. Thyroglobulin measurement:- Techniques, clinical benefits and pitfalls. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Amer. 24:841-63.
309. Schlumberger M J. 1998. Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. NEJM. 338:297-306.
310. Torrens JI, and Burch HB. 1996. Serum thyroglobulin measurement: utility in clinical practice. Endocrinologist. 6:125-44.
311. Spencer CA, LoPresti JS, Fatemi S, and N. JT. 1999. Detection of residual and recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma by serum Thyroglobulin measurement. Thyroid. 9:435-41.
312. Schaadt B, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Rasmussen B, Torring H, Foder B, Jorgensen K, and Sand Hansen H. 1995. Assessment of the influence of thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibodies and other interfering factors on the use of serum Tg as tumor marker in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 5:165-70.
313. Marquet PY, Daver A, Sapin R, Bridgi B, Muratet JP, Hartmann DJ, Paolucci F, and Pau B. 1996. Highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroglobulin with minimal interference from autoantibodies. Clin Chem. 42:258-62.
314. Van Herle AJ, Van Herle IS, and Greipel MA. 1985. An international cooperative study evaluating serum thyroglobulin standards. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 60:338-43.
315. Feldt-Rasmussen U, and Schlumberger M. 1988. European interlaboratory comparison of serum thyroglobulin measurement. J Endocrinol Invest. 11:175-81.
316. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Profilis C, Colinet E, Black E, Bornet H, Bourdoux P, Carayon P, Ericsson UB, Koutras DA, Lamas de Leon L, DeNayer P, Pacini F, Palumbo G, Santos A, Schlumberger M, Seidel C, Van Herle AJ, and D. JJM. 1996. Human thyroglobulin reference material (CRM 457) 1st part: Assessment of homogeneity, stability and immunoreactivity. Ann Biol Clin. 54:337-342.
317. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Profilis C, Colinet E, Black E, Bornet H, Bourdoux P, Carayon P, Ericsson UB, Koutras DA, Lamas de Leon L, DeNayer P, Pacini F, Palumbo G, Santos A, Schlumberger M, Seidel C, Van Herle AJ, and D. JJM. 1996. Human thyroglobulin reference material (CRM 457) 2nd part: Physicochemical characterization and certification. Ann Biol Clin. 54:343-348.
318. Gardner DF, Rothman J, and Utiger RD. 1979. Serum thyroglobulin in normal subjects and patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease: effects of T3, iodide, 131I and antithyroid drugs. Clin Endocrinol. 11:585-94.
319. Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, Schlumberger M, Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Cooper DS, Graham KE, Braverman LE, Skarulis MC, Davies TF, DeGroot LJ, Mazzaferri EL, Daniels GH, Ross DS, Luster M, Samuels MH, Becker DV, Maxon HR, Cavalieri RR, Spencer CA, McEllin K, Weintraub BD, and Ridgway EC. 1999. A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:3877-85.
320. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Petersen PH, Blaabjerg O, and Horder M. 1980. Long-term variability in serum thyroglobulin and thyroid related hormones in healthy subjects. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 95:328-34.
321. Kaplan PM. 1992. "High-dose hook effect" with the Centocor CA 125 assay. Clin Chem. 38:1347.
322. Haapala AM, Soppi E, Morsky P, and e. al. 1995. Thyroid antibodies in association with thyroid malignancy II: qualitative properties of thyroglobulin antibodies. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 55:317-22.
323. Mariotti S, Barbesino G, Caturegli P, Marino M, Manetti L, Pacini F, Centoni R, and Pinchera A. 1995. Assay of thyroglobulin in serum with thyroglobulin autoantibodies: an unobtainable goal? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 80:468-72.
324. Schneider AB, and Pervos R. 1978. Radioimmunoassay of human thyroglobulin: effect of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 47:126-37.
325. Bayer MF, and Kriss JP. 1979. Immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroglobulin: semiquantitative measurement of thyroglobulin in antithyroglobulin-positive sera. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 49:557-64.
326. Black EG, and Hoffenberg R. 1983. Should one measure serum thyroglobulin in the presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies? Clin Endocrinol. 19:597-601.
327. Harvey RD, Matheson NA, Grabowski PS, and Rodger AB. 1990. Measurement of serum thyroglobulin is of value in detecting tumour recurrence following treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma by lobectomy. Br J Surg. 77:324-6.
328. Schlumberger M, C. P., Fragu P, Lumbroso J, Parmentier C and Tubiana M,. 1980. Circulating thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: relationship to serum thyrotropin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 51:513-9.
329. Van Lente F. 1997. Methodology and subspecialty consolidation in the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem. 43:11-2.
330. Felder RA. 1997. Modular laboratory robotics and automation. JIFCC. 9:56-60.
331. Lai DJ, Sokoll LJ, and Chan DW. 1998. Automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzers. J Clin Ligand Assay. 21:377-85.
332. Felder RA. 1999. Immunoassay automation. J Clin Ligand Assay. 22:13-24.
333. Martel J, Despres N, Ahnadi CE, Lachance JF, Monticello JE, Fink G, Ardemagni A, Banfi G, Tovey J, Dykes P, John R, Jeffery J, and Grant AM. 2000. Comparative multicentre study of a panel of thyroid tests using different automated immunoassay platforms and specimens at high risk of antibody interference. Clin Chem Lab Med. 38:785-93.
334. Kricka LJ, Nozaki O, and Wildin P. 1994.
Micromechanics and nanotechnology: Implications and applications inthe clinical
laboratory. JIFCC. 6:54-9.
335.
336. 335. Ekins R, and Chu F. 1997. Immunoassay and other ligand assays: Present
status and future trends. JIFCC. 9:100-9.
337.
338. Skiest D, Braverman LE, Emerson CH. 1986. Concentration of free thyroxin in
serum of a patient with euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia secondary to increased
thyroxin-binding prealbumin: results by various methods compared. Clin Chem
32:687-9.
339.
337. Akbari MT, Fitch NJ, Farmer MK, Sheppard MC, Ramsden DB. 1990. Thyroxine-binding
prealbumin gene polymorphism: a population study. Clin Endocrinol 33:155-60
338. Docter R, Bos G, Krenning EP, Fekkes D, Visser TJ, Hennemann G. 1981. Inherited thyroxine excess: a serum abnormality due to an increased affinity for modified albumin. Clin Endocrinol 15:363-71.
339. Premachandra BN, Wortsman J, Nisula BV, Williams IK. 1986. Modulation of thyroid parameters by exogenous thyroxine in familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia.Metabolism 35:282-8.
340. Sunthornthepvarakul T, Likitmaskul S, Ngowngarmratana S, Angsusingha K, Kitvitayasak S, Scherberg NH, Refetoff S. 1998. Familial dysalbuminemic hypertriiodothyroninemia: a new dominantly inherited albumin defect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:1448-54.
341. Platt HS, Barron N, Giles AF, Midgley JEM, Wilkins TA. 1985. Thyroid-function indices in an analbuminemic subject being treated with thyroxin for hypothyroidism. Clin Chem 31:341-2.
342. Lalloz MRA, Byfield PGH, Himsworth RL. 1984. A prealbumin variant with an increased affinity for T4 and reverse T3. Clin Endocrinol 21:331-8.
343. Refetoff S, Marinov VSZ, Tunca H, Byrne MM, Sunthornthepvarakul T, Weiss RE. 1996. A new family with hyperthyroxinemia caused by transthyretin Val 109 misdiagnosed as thyrotoxicosis and resistance to thyroid hormone - a Clinical Research Center Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 81:3335-40.
344. Lalloz MRA, Byfield PGH, Goel KM, Loudon MM, Thomson JA, Himsworth RL 1987. Hyperthyroxinemia due to the coexistence of two raised affinity thyroxine-binding proteins (albumin and prealbumin) in one family. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64:346-52.
345. Sarne DH, Refetoff S, Nelson JC, Linarelli LG. 1987. A new inherited abnormality of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG San Diego) with decreased affinity for thyroxine and triiodothyronine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 68:114-9.
346. Mohr VS, Barlow JW, Topliss DJ, O'Dea K, Stockigt JR. 1987. Evaluation of T4 and T3 binding kinetics in the thyroxine binding globulin abnormality of Australian Aborigines. Clin Endocrinol 26:531-40.
347. Murata Y, Takamatsu J, Refetoff S. 1986. Inherited abnormality of thyroxine-binding globulin with no demonstratable thyroxine-binding activity and high serum levels of denatured thyroxine-binding globulin. NEJM 314:694-9.
348. Macchia PE, Harrison HH, Scherberg NH, Sunthornthepvarakul T, Jaeken J, Refetoff S. 1987. Thyroid function tests and characterization of thyroxine-binding globulin in the carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome Type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 80:3744-9.
349. Sakata S, Matsuda M, Ogawa T, Takuno H, Matsui I, Sarui H, Yasuda K. 1994. Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in healthy subjects. Clin Endocrinol 41:365-70.
350. Sapin R, Gasser F, Chambron J. 1990. Different sensitivity to anti-triiodothyronine autoantibodies of two direct radioimmunoassays of free triiodothyronine. Clin Chem 36:2141-2.
351. Calzi LL, Benvenga S, Battiato S, Santini F, Trimarchi F. 1994. Autoantibodies to Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine in the immunoglobulin G fraction of serum.Clin Chem 34:2561-2.
352. Wenzel KW. 1981. Pharmacological interference with in vitro tests of thyroid function. .Metabolism 30:717-32.
353. Demers LM and Spencer CA, Laboratory
Medicine Practice Guidelines: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and
Monitoring of Thyroid Disease. Thyroid, 2003. 13(1): p. 57-67.
354.
355. Weeke J, Dybkjaer L, Granlie K, Eskjaer Jensen S, Kjaerulff E, Laurberg P,
Magnusson B. 1982. A longitudinal study of serum TSH and total and free
iodothyronines during normal pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol, 101: 531-7.
356.
357. Pedersen KM, Laurberg P, Iversen E, Knudsen PR, Gregersen HE,
358.
Rasmussen OS, Larsen KR, Eriksen GM, Johannsen PL. 1993. Amelioration of some
pregnancy associated variation in thyroid function by iodine supplementation. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 1078-83.
359. d'Herbomez M, Forzy G, Gasser F, Massart C,
Beaudonnet A,Sapin R. 2003. Clinical evaluation of nine free thyroxine assays:
persistent problems in particular populations. Clin Chem Lab Med. 41: 942-7.
360.
361. Sapin R, d'Herbomez M. 2003. Free thyroxine measured by equilibrium
dialysis and nine immunoassays in sera with various serum thyroxine-binding
capacities. Clin Chem Lab Med. 49: 1531-5.
362.
363. Sapin R, Schlienger JL, Gasser F, Noel E, Lioure B, Grunenberger F, Goichot
B, Grucker D. 2000. Intermethod discordant free thyroxine measurements in bone
marrow-transplanted patients. Clin Chem. 46: 418-22.
364.
365. Pedersen OM, Aardal NP, Larssen TB, Varhaug JE, Myking O, Vik-Mo H. 2000.
The value of ultrasonography in predicting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid,
10: 251-9.
366.
360. Preissner CM, O'Kane DJ, Singh RJ, Morris JC, Grebe SKG. 2003. Phantoms in
the assay tube: heterophile antibody interferences in serum thyroglobulin
assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 3069-74.
361. Bergoglio LM, Vílchez PE, Fatemi S, Spencer CA. 2003. TPOAb Assay Limitations may be responsible for the skew in the TSH upper reference limit. Latin American Thyroid Society, Cordoba, Argentina. Abstract # 123.
362. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hoier-Madsen M, Bech K, Blichert-Toft M, Bliddal H,
Date J. 1991. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in thyroid disorders and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity, 9: 245-53.
363. Tunbridge WMG, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Young E, Bird T, Smith PA. 1977. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol, 7: 481-93.
364. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D,
Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F. 1995. Incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol, 43: 55-68.
365. Mecacci F, Parretti E, Cioni R, Lucchetti R, Magrini A,
La Torre P, Mignosa M, Acanfora L, Mello G. 2000. Thyroid autoimmunity and its association with non-organ-specific antibodies and subclinical alterations of thyroid function in women with a history of pregnancy loss or preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol, 46: 39-50.
366. Lucas A, Pizarro E, Granada ML, Salinas I, Sanmarti A. 2001. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and postpartum depression: are they two linked disorders? Clin Endocrinol, 55: 809-14.
367. Muller AF, Drexhage HA, and Berghout A. 2001. Postpartum thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis in women of childbearing age: recent insights and consequences for antenatal and postnatal care. Endocrinol Rev: 22: 605-30.
368. Vaquero E, Lazzarin N, De Carolis C, Valensise H, Moretti C, Romanini C. 2000. Mild thyroid abnormalities and recurrent spontaneous abortion: diagnostic and therapeutical approach. Am J Reprod Immunol, 43: 204-8.
369. Kim CH, Chae HD, Kang BM, Chang YS. 1998. Influence of antithyroid antibodies in euthyroid women on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol, 40: 2-8.
370. Poppe K, Glinoer D, Tournaye H, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem A, Kaufman L, Velkeniers B. 2003. Assisted reproduction and thyroid autoimmunity: an unfortunate combination? J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 4149-52.
371. Chiovato L, Latrofa F, Braverman LE, Pacini F, Capezzone M, Masserini L, Grasso L, Pinchera A. 2003. Disappearance of humoral thyroid autoimmunity after complete removal of thyroid antigens. Ann Intern Med, 139: 346-51.
372. Spencer CA. 2003. New Insights for Using Serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) Measurement for Managing Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas. Thyroid International, 4: 1-14.
373. Mazzaferri EL, Robbins RJ, Spencer CA, Braverman LE, Pacini F, Wartofsky L, Haugen BR, Sherman SI, Cooper DS, Braunstein GD, Lee S, Davies TF, Arafah BM, Ladenson PW, Pinchera A. 2003. A consensus report of the role of serum thyroglobulin as a monitoring method for low-risk patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88: 1433-41.
374. Zophel K, Wunderlich G, and Smith BR. 2003. Serum thyroglobulin measurements with a high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: is there a clinical benefit in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma? Thyroid, 13: 861-5.
375. Ericsson UB, Tegler L, Lennquist S, Christensen SB, Stahl E,
Thorell JI. 1984. Serum thyroglobulin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Acta Chir Scand, 150: 367-75.
376. Eichhorn W, Tabler H, Lippold R, Lochmann M, Schreckenberger M, Bartenstein P. 2003. Prognostic factors determining long-term survival in well-differentiated thyroid cancer: an analysis of four hundred eighty-four patients undergoing therapy and aftercare at the same institution. Thyroid, 13: 949-58.
377. Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, Schlumberger M, Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Cooper DS, Graham KE, Braverman LE, Skarulis MC, Davies TF, DeGroot LJ, Mazzaferri EL, Daniels GH, Ross DS, Luster M, Samuels MH, Becker DV, Maxon HR, Cavalieri RR, Spencer CA, McEllin K, Weintraub BD, Ridgway EC. 1999. A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84: 3877-85.
378. Spencer CA, LoPresti JS, Fatemi S, Nicoloff JT. 1999. Detection of residual and recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma by serum Thyroglobulin measurement. Thyroid 9:435-41.
379. Savagner F, Rodien P, Reynier P, Rohmer V, Bigorgne JC, Malthiery Y. 2002. Analysis of Tg transcripts by real-time RT-PCR in the blood of thyroid cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87: 635-9.
380. Elisei R, Vivaldi A, Agate L, Molinaro E, Nencetti C, Grasso L,
Pinchera A, Pacini F. 2004. Low specificity of blood thyroglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid assay prevents its use in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89: 33-9.
381. Denizot A, Delfino C, Dutour-Meyer A, Fina F, Ouafik L. 2003. Evaluation of quantitative measurement of thyroglobulin mRNA in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 13: 867-72.
382. Chelly J, Concordet JP, Kaplan JC, Kahn A. 1989. Illegitimate transcription: transcription of any gene in any cell type. PNAS 86: 2617-21.
383. Ghossein RA, Bhattacharya S. 2000. Molecular
detection and characterisation of circulating tumour cells and micrometastases
in solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 36;1681-94.