Chapter 7 Contents



Chapter 7 Autoimmunity to the Thyroid Gland
Table of Contents A Brief Review of Immunologic Reactions Immune System Development and Function-associated Antigens Lymphocyte Surface Molecules Antigen Presentation On MHC Molecules T and B Cell Responses Killer (K) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells Self-Non-Self Discrimination The Syndromes of Thyroid Autoimmunity The Antigens in Autoimmune Thrydoid Disease THYROGLOBULIN TSH RECEPTOR THYROID PEROXIDASE OTHER ANTIGENS Immune Reactions in Autoimmune thyroid disease HUMORAL IMMUNITY Cell-mediated Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Immune Complexes K and NK Cell Responses Cytokines SUMMARY EXPERIMENTAL THYROIDITIS IN ANIMALS Relation of the Immune Response to THE Thyroid Cell: Stimulation and Destruction Possible Explanations for Autoimmunity Abnormal Exposure to Thyroid Antigens Abnormal Antigens Cross-reacting Antigens Virus Infection Lymphocyte Mutation and Oligoclonality Genetic Predisposition Co-occurrence of Autoimmune Diseases IMMUNORegulation: Phenomena and Mechanisms Anti-idiotype Antibodies DE NOVO Expression of Class II Antigens on Thyroid Cells Environmental Factors Normal Autoimmunity Effect of Antithyroid Drugs on the Immune Response AITD As A Consequence of a Multifactoral Process (Table 4) (Fig. 7-14) THYROIDITIS, MYXEDEMA, AND GRAVES' DISEASE AS AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (Fig. 7-15) Idiopathic Myxedema Graves' Disease RELATION TO OTHER DISEASES Thyroid Cancer Adolescent Goiter Transient Thyrotoxicosis, Painless Thyroiditis, Postpartum Thyroiditis, and Related Syndromes Focal Thyroiditis OTHER Problems SUMMARY References